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数据分析与知识发现  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (1): 16-35     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.1088
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科学发现偶然性研究综述
于硕1,Hayat Dino Bedru1,储新倍1,袁宇渊1,万良田1,夏锋2()
1大连理工大学 软件学院 大连 116620
2澳大利亚联邦大学 工程、信息技术与物理科学学院 澳大利亚 巴拉瑞特 3353
Understanding Serendipity in Science: A Survey
Yu Shuo1,Hayat Dino Bedru1,Chu Xinbei1,Yuan Yuyuan1,Wan Liangtian1,Xia Feng2()
1School of Software, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116620, China
2School of Engineering, IT and Physical Sciences, Federation University Australia, Ballarat, VIC 3353, Australia
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摘要 

【目的】 总结科学发现偶然性的概念、组成、典型支撑技术和应用,分析相关研究面临的挑战和发展方向。【文献范围】 在Microsoft Academic、Google Scholar等平台中对相关关键词(如“serendipity”“novelty”“diversity”等)进行检索,经筛选后共引用102篇文献。【方法】 回顾不同场景下科学研究中的偶然发现,探讨科学发现偶然性的概念,对相关支撑工具以及应用进行分类总结。【结果】 支持偶然发现的工具有助于科学研究;目前偶然发现没有统一定义,如何评估科学发现的偶然性仍具有困难。【局限】 影响科学发现的偶然性因素复杂,已有的研究分析尚不全面。【结论】 科学研究中的偶然发现有助于科学进步,但探索科学发现的偶然性仍面临着缺少度量标准、难于控制等一系列挑战。

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于硕
Hayat Dino Bedru
储新倍
袁宇渊
万良田
夏锋
关键词 科学发现偶然性跨学科突发性推荐系统    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper summarizes the components and definitions of serendipity, reviews representative supporting technologies and applications of serendipity in science, and discusses challenges and future directions in this field. [Coverage] We searched relevant keywords such as “serendipity”, “novelty” and “diversity” in research repositories such as Microsoft Academic and Google Scholar. A total of 102 well-selected references are finally cited. [Methods] We reviewed serendipitous discoveries in various scenarios, and discussed the concept of serendipity in the context of science. Relevant tools and applications are categorized. [Results] The tools that support serendipity are conducive to scientific research. However, there is no uniform definition of serendipity, thus making it difficult to measure serendipity in science. [Limitations] The factors affecting serendipity in science are complex, and yet to be explored. [Conclusions] Serendipity is one of the indispensable factors for scientific advances. However, many challenges are facing the exploration of serendipity in science, such as lack of metrics and difficulty to control.

Key wordsSerendipity in science    Interdisciplinarity    Unexpectedness    Recommender system
收稿日期: 2020-10-04      出版日期: 2020-12-15
ZTFLH:  TP393  
通讯作者: 夏锋     E-mail: f.xia@ieee.org
引用本文:   
于硕,Hayat Dino Bedru,储新倍,袁宇渊,万良田,夏锋. 科学发现偶然性研究综述[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(1): 16-35.
Yu Shuo,Hayat Dino Bedru,Chu Xinbei,Yuan Yuyuan,Wan Liangtian,Xia Feng. Understanding Serendipity in Science: A Survey. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(1): 16-35.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.1088      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2021/V5/I1/16
  A Framework of Understanding Serendipity in Science
  The Relationship Between Serendipity and its Components.
ArticlesDefinition of serendipityFactors
Chakraborti et al. [36]
Wen et al. [37]
McCay-Peet et al. [38]
Maccatrozzo et al. [12]

Kaminskas et al. [39]


Moral et al. [40]

Koesten et al. [41]


Fink et al. [5]
Wang et al. [42]
Copeland [43]

Yaqub [44]
The accidental discovery of something that, post hoc, turns out to be valuable”.
The happy convergence of the mind with conditions”.
The unique and contingent mix of insight coupled with chance”.
a new connection is made that involves a mix of unexpectedness and insight and has the potential to lead to a valuable outcome”.
1) The finding of unexpected information (relevant to the goal or not) while engaged in any information activity; 2) the making of an intellectual leap of understanding with that information to arrive at an insight”.
A method for achieving breadth and identifying information or sources from unknown or partially unknown directions”.
The action of, or aptitude for, encountering relevant information by accident”.
The interactive outcome of unique and contingent “mixes” of insight coupled with chance”.
Falling somewhere between accidental and sagacity,
serendipity is synonymous with neither one nor the other”.
an emergent property of scientific discoveries, describing an oblique relationship between the outcome of a discovery process and the intentions that drove it forward”.
Serendipity may depend on the attributes of the observer and her situation (such as her perceptiveness, instruments and observation systems), or it may depend on the characteristics of the field of inquiry itself (such as when the growth of theory becomes conspicuous for discovery)”.
Chance and positivity
Positivity and mental effort
Chance and insight
Unexpectedness and insight

Unexpectedness and insight


Intention

Skill and ability


Insight and chance
Accidental and sagacity
Variation and value

Variety and different forms
  Existing Definitions of Serendipity
Types of toolsSectionSpecific nameReferences
Search Engine3.1MaxBrickley et al. [51]
FeegliRahman et al. [52]
SOL-ToolEichler et al. [53]
LTRC modelHuang et al [54]
Micro-blogging3.2TwitterChen et al.[55], Piao et al. [56], Jiang et al.[57], Kazai et al.[58]
Google BlogLi et al. [59]
Recommender System3.3serendipity-related scholarly papers recommendationSugiyama et al. [60]
serendipity-oriented greedy (SOG) algorithmPradhan et al. [61]
SIRUP modelMaccatrozzo et al. [62]
DESRLi et al. [63]
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