【目的】 系统性回顾数字人文视域下文化遗产众包领域的理论与实践发展。【文献范围】 使用SSCI、SCIE、EI、A&HCI、CPCI-S、CPCI-SSH、Google Scholar、中国知网、万方和维普等数据源以检索式“Cultural Heritage Crowdsourcing”、“Crowdsourcing AND Digital Humanities”、“Cultural Heritage AND Collaboration”、“Cultural Heritage AND User Generated Content”、“GLAM AND Crowdsourcing”、“文化遗产众包”、“数字人文众包”、“馆藏众包”等进行检索,再结合主题筛选,并使用追溯法获得代表性文献共110篇。【方法】 梳理文化遗产众包的内涵和外延,从数据资源、数字技术和平台系统三个关键要素出发深入分析文化遗产众包的理论和实践。【结果】 探索文化遗产众包的概念解析,提出文化遗产众包项目分类,构建文化遗产众包的数据生命周期和数字技术分类体系,以及梳理文化遗产众包平台建设与运作管理的相关研究成果与经验。【局限】 需要进一步提炼面向数字人文研究与实践的文化遗产众包模式的整合框架。【结论】 文化遗产众包是近年来公共文化服务领域在数据采集与分析、信息资源建设以及知识服务创新方面的新模式,是响应数字时代科技与文化深度融合的新举措,也是图书情报与档案管理学科开展数字人文探索的新方向。
[Objective] This paper systematically reviews the development of research and practice of the cultural heritage crowdsourcing in the domain of digital humanities.[Coverage] We used various sources such as SSCI, SCIE, EI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP to search literatures with the keywords “cultural heritage crowdsourcing”, “crowdsourcing AND digital humanities”, “cultural heritage AND collaboration”, “cultural heritage AND user generated content”, “GLAM AND crowdsourcing” etc. We then collected 110 representative literatures in conjunction with topic screening and backward and forward approach.[Methods] First, we classified the connotation and extension of cultural heritage crowdsourcing and made a loosely defined concept. Then, we investigated the current status of research and practice of cultural heritage crowdsourcing from three key elements of data resources, digital technology and platform system.[Results] This paper explores the concept of cultural heritage crowdsourcing, proposes the classification of cultural heritage crowdsourcing projects, explores the data life cycle and digital technology classification system of cultural heritage crowdsourcing, and sorts out the relevant research results and experience in the construction and operation management of cultural heritage crowdsourcing platform.[Limitations] Future research will further refine the integrated framework of the cultural heritage crowdsourcing model for the research and practice of digital humanities.[Conclusions] Cultural heritage crowdsourcing is a new model in the field of public cultural services in recent years in terms of data collection and analysis, construction of information resources and innovation of knowledge services. It is a new campaign in response to the deep integration of technology and culture in the digital era, and also a new direction for digital humanities exploration in the discipline of library, information and archives management.
赵宇翔,练靖雯. 数字人文视域下文化遗产众包研究综述*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(1): 36-55.
Zhao Yuxiang,Lian Jingwen. Review of Cultural Heritage Crowdsourcing in the Domain of Digital Humanities. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(1): 36-55.
Australian Newspaper Digitisation、What’s on the Menu?、The Smithsonian’s Field Book Project、盛宣怀档案抄录等
半自建 平台
基于开源软件开发或基于已有平台修改建设,成本相对较低、成熟度较高、敏捷性和开放性较强。
Edvard Munch’s Writings、Transcribe Bentham、DIY History、The Louisville Leader Transcription Project等
通用平台
通常为适用于众多项目的门户网站和社交媒体平台,成本低、知名度高,但功能受限、针对性弱。
Old Weather、Shakespeare’s World、The Frederick Douglass Diary、the Library of Congress Photos on Flickr Pilot Project等
Table 2 文化遗产众包平台分类
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