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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (1): 128-139    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0418
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Forecasting Car Sales Based on Consumer Attention
Jiang Cuiqing1,2,Wang Xiangxiang1(),Wang Zhao1
1School of Management, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China
2Key Laboratory of Process Optimization and Intelligent Decision-Making of Ministry of Education, Hefei 230009, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This study constructs a forecasting model for car sales based on consumer attention. [Methods] First, we defined consumer attention with consumer opinion and search data. Then, we used the Word2Vec algorithm to extract the initial keyword lists, while using time difference correlation analysis to identify the core keywords. Finally, we generated the user attention data with PCA and built Attention_LSTM model to predict car sales. [Results] The RMSE and MAPE indices of our model were reduced by 2.02 and 0.96%. The average percentage error of the new model was 6.52%, 3.42%, 2.56%, and 0.81% less than those of the ARIMA, SVR, BP neural network, and LSTM models. [Limitations] We did not include other social media data to analyze consumers’ online behaviors. [Conclusions] The Attention_LSTM model based on consumer attention could effectively forecast auto sales.

Key wordsSales Forecasting      Consumer Attention      LSTM      Attention Mechanism     
Received: 12 May 2020      Published: 05 February 2021
ZTFLH:  TP391  
Fund:The work is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant No(71731005);the Humanities and Social Sciences Planning Fund of the Ministry of Education Grant No(15YJA630010)
Corresponding Authors: Wang Xiangxiang     E-mail: 2285237002@qq.com

Cite this article:

Jiang Cuiqing,Wang Xiangxiang,Wang Zhao. Forecasting Car Sales Based on Consumer Attention. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(1): 128-139.

URL:

https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0418     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2021/V5/I1/128

Automobile Sales Forecast Framework Based on Consumer Attention
层次 细分类型 部分初始关键词
宏观层面 经济环境 汽油价格、汽车贷款利率、购置税
相关政策 汽车限购、汽车补贴、购车优惠
中观层面 汽车网站 汽车之家、人人车、易车网
车友论坛 汽车论坛、车友会、汽车俱乐部
微观层面 大众品牌 大众朗逸、大众途观、大众途昂
本田品牌 本田CR-V、本田XR-V、本田思域
丰田品牌 丰田RAV4、丰田卡罗拉、丰田雷凌
别克品牌 别克君越、别克英朗、别克GL8
日产品牌 日产轩逸、日产奇骏、日产天籁
吉利品牌 吉利博越、吉利帝豪、吉利星越
五菱品牌 五菱之光、五菱宏光、五菱荣光
现代品牌 现代ix35、现代领动、现代菲斯
哈弗品牌 哈弗H6、哈弗M6、哈弗F7
福特品牌 福特锐界、福特锐际、福特领界
Initial Keywords (Partial)
关键词 相关系数 领先阶数 关键词 相关系数 领先阶数
易车网 0.54 5 欧蓝德 0.56 1
汽车之家 0.52 1 宝马M4 0.64 5
买车网 0.63 3 K5报价 -0.54 1
二手车 0.57 3 阿特兹 0.60 6
人人车 0.56 1 新能源车 0.65 3
车行168 0.63 5 本田哥瑞 0.62 1
车主之家 0.53 5 本田雅阁 0.53 1
汽车金融 0.64 5 轩逸图片 0.64 3
行驶证 0.61 5 x-trail 0.64 3
购置税 0.57 1 现代悦纳 0.58 1
车管所 0.60 5 哈弗H7 0.58 5
车辆年审 0.54 3 国产SUV 0.62 2
银行信贷 0.54 6 五菱宏光 0.56 3
养车费用 -0.59 4 昂科雷报价 -0.57 1
摇号查询 0.59 3 东风本田 0.56 3
汽油价格 -0.59 4 别克英朗 0.55 6
汽车分期 0.56 4 别克GL8 0.65 1
汽车上牌 0.57 3 别克商务 0.54 4
大众朗逸 0.59 1 双擎 0.59 3
大众桑塔纳 0.56 3 卡罗拉 0.64 3
大众速腾 0.55 3 汉兰达 0.56 6
捷达车 -0.57 6 吉利博越 0.60 5
浩纳 0.60 5 帝豪RS 0.62 4
Time Difference Correlation Analysis of Core Keywords (Partial)
成分 初始特征值 提取平方和载入
合计 方差/% 累积方差/% 合计 方差/% 累积方差/%
1 8.069 67.240 67.240 8.069 67.240 67.240
2 1.961 16.338 83.578 1.961 16.338 83.578
3 0.748 6.236 89.814
4 0.335 2.795 92.609
5 0.273 2.278 94.887
6 0.158 1.320 96.207
7 0.137 1.141 97.348
8 0.103 0.860 98.208
9 0.073 0.606 98.814
10 0.067 0.562 99.376
11 0.045 0.379 99.755
12 0.029 0.245 100.000
Total Variance Explained
变量 成分
1 2
宏观搜索指数 0.850 -0.453
微观搜索指数 0.605 0.558
丰田品牌指数 0.770 -0.557
吉利品牌指数 0.570 0.705
福特品牌指数 0.873 -0.127
大众品牌指数 0.904 -0.093
本田品牌指数 0.904 0.081
日产品牌指数 0.895 0.113
别克品牌指数 0.928 0.148
五菱品牌指数 0.716 0.625
现代品牌指数 0.859 -0.180
哈弗品牌指数 0.867 -0.385
Component Matrix
17]
">
LSTM Structure[17]
21]
">
Attention_LSTM Structure[21]
类型 变量名称 变量说明
消费者在线行为特征 消费者关注度 本文使用的网络搜索数据源于百度搜索引擎
口碑数量 汽车之家口碑论坛用户的发帖数量
互动数量 汽车之家口碑论坛的评论互动数量
点赞数量 汽车之家口碑论坛的评论点赞数量
口碑情感 汽车之家口碑论坛用户的星级评分
宏观经济特征 GDP 统计局数据
CPI 统计局数据
PPI 统计局数据
人均可支配收入 统计局数据
社会消费品零售总额 统计局数据
成品油价格 以国家发改委公布的92#汽油调整价格为准
美元汇率 数据来自中国人民银行网站的汇率报表
贷款利率 参照中国人民银行发布的同期贷款利率
历史销量特征 历史销量 数据来自搜狐网站汽车频道
汽车保有量 来自公安部交管局发布的民用汽车保有量
Feature Description
变量名称 与汽车销量的相关系数 变量名称 与汽车销量的相关系数
消费者关注度 0.647* 人均可支配收入 0.602*
口碑数量 0.454* 社会消费品零售总额 0.638*
互动数量 0.270* 成品油价格 -0.403*
点赞数量 0.272* 美元汇率 0.445*
口碑情感 -0.238* 贷款利率 -0.303*
GDP -0.502* 历史销量 0.736*
CPI -0.352* 汽车保有量 0.507*
PPI 0.301*
The Result of Characteristic Correlation Test
Fitting Graph of Consumer Attention and Automobile Sales
月份 实际值(万辆) SVR BP神经网络 LSTM Attention_LSTM
基础模型 对照模型 基础模型 对照模型 基础模型 对照模型 基础模型 对照模型
2019/7 152.791 160.044 159.089 155.264 153.749 148.228 151.904 153.728 152.245
2019/8 165.291 159.911 158.819 158.736 149.466 158.287 161.120 162.517 165.101
2019/9 193.064 172.866 176.742 172.438 191.852 189.245 191.065 188.182 196.919
2019/10 192.767 183.629 185.629 201.324 198.956 194.987 196.434 194.472 194.844
2019/11 205.667 192.854 205.856 205.413 198.438 205.836 200.926 199.194 207.442
2019/12 221.309 226.285 237.391 214.623 210.569 212.156 213.554 212.562 215.600
RMSE 11.27 10.47 9.94 8.74 5.37 4.44 5.06 3.04
MAPE 5.28% 4.59% 3.98% 3.73% 2.43% 1.98% 2.13% 1.17%
Prediction Error Between Base Model and Control Model
月份 实际值
(万辆)
ARIMA SVR BP神经网络 LSTM Attention_LSTM
预测值 相对误差/% 预测值 相对误差/% 预测值 相对误差/% 预测值 相对误差/% 预测值 相对误差/%
2019/7 152.791 163.649 7.11 159.089 4.12 153.749 0.63 151.904 0.58 152.245 0.36
2019/8 165.291 181.260 9.66 158.819 3.92 149.466 9.57 161.121 2.52 165.101 0.12
2019/9 193.064 209.685 8.61 176.742 8.45 191.852 0.63 191.065 1.04 196.919 2.00
2019/10 192.767 209.128 8.49 185.629 3.70 198.956 3.21 196.434 3.46 194.844 1.08
2019/11 205.667 224.286 9.05 205.856 0.09 198.438 3.51 200.925 2.31 207.442 0.86
2019/12 221.309 228.497 3.25 237.391 7.27 210.569 4.85 213.554 3.96 215.600 2.58
Experimental Prediction Results of Five Models
评价指标 ARIMA SVR BP神经网络 LSTM Attention_
LSTM
RMSE 14.81 10.47 8.74 4.44 3.04
MAPE 7.69% 4.59% 3.73% 1.98% 1.17%
Error Comparison of Five Models
Fitting and Prediction Results of Attention_LSTM
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