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数据分析与知识发现  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (1): 36-55     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0906
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数字人文视域下文化遗产众包研究综述*
赵宇翔(),练靖雯
南京理工大学经济管理学院 南京 210094
Review of Cultural Heritage Crowdsourcing in the Domain of Digital Humanities
Zhao Yuxiang(),Lian Jingwen
School of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210094, China
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摘要 

【目的】 系统性回顾数字人文视域下文化遗产众包领域的理论与实践发展。【文献范围】 使用SSCI、SCIE、EI、A&HCI、CPCI-S、CPCI-SSH、Google Scholar、中国知网、万方和维普等数据源以检索式“Cultural Heritage Crowdsourcing”、“Crowdsourcing AND Digital Humanities”、“Cultural Heritage AND Collaboration”、“Cultural Heritage AND User Generated Content”、“GLAM AND Crowdsourcing”、“文化遗产众包”、“数字人文众包”、“馆藏众包”等进行检索,再结合主题筛选,并使用追溯法获得代表性文献共110篇。【方法】 梳理文化遗产众包的内涵和外延,从数据资源、数字技术和平台系统三个关键要素出发深入分析文化遗产众包的理论和实践。【结果】 探索文化遗产众包的概念解析,提出文化遗产众包项目分类,构建文化遗产众包的数据生命周期和数字技术分类体系,以及梳理文化遗产众包平台建设与运作管理的相关研究成果与经验。【局限】 需要进一步提炼面向数字人文研究与实践的文化遗产众包模式的整合框架。【结论】 文化遗产众包是近年来公共文化服务领域在数据采集与分析、信息资源建设以及知识服务创新方面的新模式,是响应数字时代科技与文化深度融合的新举措,也是图书情报与档案管理学科开展数字人文探索的新方向。

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赵宇翔
练靖雯
关键词 文化遗产众包文化遗产机构知识创新服务文化大数据数字人文    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper systematically reviews the development of research and practice of the cultural heritage crowdsourcing in the domain of digital humanities.[Coverage] We used various sources such as SSCI, SCIE, EI, A&HCI, CPCI-S, CPCI-SSH, Google Scholar, CNKI, Wanfang Data and VIP to search literatures with the keywords “cultural heritage crowdsourcing”, “crowdsourcing AND digital humanities”, “cultural heritage AND collaboration”, “cultural heritage AND user generated content”, “GLAM AND crowdsourcing” etc. We then collected 110 representative literatures in conjunction with topic screening and backward and forward approach.[Methods] First, we classified the connotation and extension of cultural heritage crowdsourcing and made a loosely defined concept. Then, we investigated the current status of research and practice of cultural heritage crowdsourcing from three key elements of data resources, digital technology and platform system.[Results] This paper explores the concept of cultural heritage crowdsourcing, proposes the classification of cultural heritage crowdsourcing projects, explores the data life cycle and digital technology classification system of cultural heritage crowdsourcing, and sorts out the relevant research results and experience in the construction and operation management of cultural heritage crowdsourcing platform.[Limitations] Future research will further refine the integrated framework of the cultural heritage crowdsourcing model for the research and practice of digital humanities.[Conclusions] Cultural heritage crowdsourcing is a new model in the field of public cultural services in recent years in terms of data collection and analysis, construction of information resources and innovation of knowledge services. It is a new campaign in response to the deep integration of technology and culture in the digital era, and also a new direction for digital humanities exploration in the discipline of library, information and archives management.

Key wordsCultural Heritage Crowdsourcing    Cultural Heritage Institutions    Knowledge Innovation Service    Cultural Big Data    Digital Humanities
收稿日期: 2020-09-15      出版日期: 2021-02-05
ZTFLH:  G315  
基金资助:*本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目的研究成果之一项目编号(71774083);*本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目的研究成果之一项目编号(72074112)
通讯作者: 赵宇翔     E-mail: yxzhao@vip.163.com
引用本文:   
赵宇翔,练靖雯. 数字人文视域下文化遗产众包研究综述*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(1): 36-55.
Zhao Yuxiang,Lian Jingwen. Review of Cultural Heritage Crowdsourcing in the Domain of Digital Humanities. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(1): 36-55.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0906      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2021/V5/I1/36
项目名称 发起者 主要任务 任务对象 文化遗产资源类型 参与者
Australian Newspaper Digitisation 澳大利亚国家图书馆 修订 澳大利亚报纸 馆藏资源 业余爱好者、家庭历史学家和对澳大利亚历史感兴趣的历史学家
What’s on the Menu?[21] 美国纽约公共图书馆 转录 4万份历史悠久的纽约餐厅菜单 馆藏资源 普通公众
盛宣怀档案抄录项目[22] 上海图书馆 转录、注释 盛宣怀档案手稿 馆藏资源 普通公众
The National Archives Transcription Pilot[23] 美国国家档案局 转录、标记和注释 300多份手写或印刷的历史文件(内战间谍信、总统记录、投票权请愿书和逃亡奴隶案件档案等) 馆藏资源 普通公众
Click! A Crowd-Curated Exhibition [24] 美国布鲁克林艺术博物馆 评估和筛选(共同策展) 与改变布鲁克林面貌主题相关的照片 馆藏资源 普通公众
Steven.Museum[25] 多个美国与英国的艺术博物馆 添加标签 博物馆艺术藏品 馆藏资源 普通公众
Open Plaques[26] 社区/公众 收集照片和信息,并进行分类 世界各地建筑物和地标上的纪念性牌匾和历史标记 文化景观 普通公众
Ghostsigns[27] Sam Roberts 收集照片和信息 澳大利亚相关建筑上的手绘广告 文化景观 拥有相机和电子邮件的人
The Traditional Stone Bridge of Plaka[28] 雅典国立技术大学 收集图像或视频,并制作3D模型 普拉卡石桥 文化景观 普通公众、科学家和工程师
Yleisradio Conflict Heritage[29] Crowdsourcing 芬兰广播公司Yleisradio 标记、描述、提供照片或评论 二战战场以外其他发生冲突的地点 文化遗址 普通公众
Nikkil? Memories[30] 芬兰西波市市政当局 收集与人们的记忆、经验和价值观相关的当地知识 当地人对Nikkil?的老建筑和方志的个体及社会记忆 非物质文化遗产资源 普通公众
Table 1  文化遗产众包项目示例及分类特征
Fig.1  
Fig. 2  
Fig. 3  
平台类型 平台特征 典型项目
全自建
平台
根据项目特点完全自主开发,独立性高、针对性强,但成本相对较高。 Australian Newspaper Digitisation、What’s on the Menu?、The Smithsonian’s Field Book Project、盛宣怀档案抄录等
半自建
平台
基于开源软件开发或基于已有平台修改建设,成本相对较低、成熟度较高、敏捷性和开放性较强。 Edvard Munch’s Writings、Transcribe Bentham、DIY History、The Louisville Leader Transcription Project等
通用平台 通常为适用于众多项目的门户网站和社交媒体平台,成本低、知名度高,但功能受限、针对性弱。 Old Weather、Shakespeare’s World、The Frederick Douglass Diary、the Library of Congress Photos on Flickr Pilot Project等
Table 2  文化遗产众包平台分类
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