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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (6): 115-125    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.1312
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Expanding Queries Based on Word Embedding and Expansion Terms
Huang Mingxuan1,2(),Jiang Caoqing1,2,Lu Shoudong2
1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Cross-border E-commerce Intelligent Information Processing, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning 530003, China
2School of Information and Statistics, Guangxi University of Finance and Economics, Nanning 530003, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper proposes a query expansion model based on the intersection of word embedding and expansion terms, aiming to reduce the mismatched words in information retrieval. [Methods] First, we trained the word embedding learning with the retrieved documents to obtain the Word Embedding Candidate Expansion Term set. Then, we examined the association rules and generated the Mining Candidate Expansion Term set. Finally, we created the final expansion term set by merging the previous two sets and expanded the queries. [Results] The MAP and P@5 of the proposed model were higher than those of the benchmark ones. Compared with the similar query expansion methods developed in recent years, the average increase of the MAP and P@5 were 0.96%-31.24% and 1.07%-13.55%, respectively. [Limitations] The proposed model needs to be examined with real world information retrieval systems. [Conclusions] The proposed model can improve the quality of expansion terms and the performance of information retrieval systems, which also reduces query topic drifting and word mismatch issues.
Key words： Information Retrieval      Query Expansion      Text Mining      Deep Learning      Word Embedding     
Received: 30 December 2020      Published: 06 July 2021
ZTFLH:  TP393  
Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China(61762006)
Corresponding Authors: Huang Mingxuan     E-mail: mingxh05@163.com
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Cite this article:

Huang Mingxuan,Jiang Caoqing,Lu Shoudong. Expanding Queries Based on Word Embedding and Expansion Terms. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(6): 115-125.

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https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.1312     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2021/V5/I6/115

Query Expansion Model in This Paper
语料集 简称 文档数 语料集 简称 文档数
edn2000 EN00 79 380 mhn2000 MN00 84 437
end2001 EN01 93 467 mhn2001 MN01 85 302
ude2000 UE00 40 445 udn2000 UN00 244 038
ude2001 UE01 51 851 udn2001 UN01 222 526
Original Corpus and Number of Documents
对比查询扩展方法 描述
ARG_QE （Query Expansion Based on Association Rules Graph） 文献[9]基于规则图的查询扩展方法。实验参数：ms∈（0.1,0.12,0.13,0.14,0.15）,mc=0.3, minqEn=10,minEEn=2, Lift=0.1, Jaccard=0.45, IG=0.2
WAP_QE （Query Expansion Based on Weighted Association Patterns） 基于文献[10]加权关联模式挖掘技术的查询扩展方法。实验参数：ms∈（0.004,0.005,0.006,0.007） , mc=0.1,mi=0.0001
WPNP_QE （Query Expansion Based on Weighted Positive and Negative Patterns） 基于文献[13]完全加权正负关联模式挖掘技术的查询扩展方法。实验参数：ms∈（0.10,0.11,0.12,0.13）, mc=0.1, α=0.3, minPR=0.1,minNR=0.01
WMS_QE （Query Expansion Based on Weighted Multiple Supports） 基于文献[15]多支持度阈值的加权频繁模式挖掘技术的查询扩展方法。实验参数：ms∈（0.1,0.15,0.2,0.25）, mc=0.1, LMS=0.2, HMS=0.25, WT=0.1
WE_QE （Query Expansion Based on Word Embedding） 采用文献[21]基于词向量的查询扩展方法（详见文献中方法1）,按文献[21]公式（9）计算扩展词权值
Comparison of Methods
Retrieval Results of the Proposed Expansion Model for Different ms
Retrieval Results of the Proposed Expansion Model for Different mc
评价 扩展方法 EN01 EN00 UE01 UE00 MN01 MN00 UN01 UN00 平均增幅/%
Relax BLR 0.199 2 0.427 8 0.249 7 0.370 1 0.314 4 0.304 9 0.267 9 0.218 0 27.59
WE_QE 0.230 1 0.461 5 0.284 2 0.437 5 0.378 3 0.326 4 0.299 3 0.283 1 10.49
WAP_QE 0.255 1 0.477 7 0.269 4 0.413 0 0.351 7 0.344 7 0.296 3 0.277 7 10.92
WMS_QE 0.201 0 0.463 1 0.281 5 0.462 2 0.337 0 0.348 1 0.271 4 0.269 9 14.67
WPNP_QE 0.212 2 0.462 8 0.300 6 0.500 3 0.333 2 0.287 1 0.312 2 0.271 3 12.51
ARG_QE 0.221 7 0.456 0 0.282 7 0.468 0 0.350 2 0.295 9 0.294 9 0.289 1 12.62
WEL&ETM_QE 0.270 9 0.470 5 0.318 9 0.545 1 0.377 4 0.358 2 0.343 7 0.291 9
Rigid BLR 0.120 0 0.281 4 0.179 5 0.207 5 0.185 0 0.208 9 0.183 9 0.125 3 27.87
WE_QE 0.131 0 0.314 5 0.178 7 0.253 1 0.214 2 0.198 7 0.190 6 0.159 6 16.15
WAP_QE 0.169 0 0.331 3 0.166 1 0.216 5 0.197 6 0.201 6 0.195 4 0.159 7 15.71
WMS_QE 0.139 8 0.335 9 0.166 8 0.245 2 0.185 6 0.217 2 0.177 6 0.149 6 18.21
WPNP_QE 0.138 3 0.321 8 0.199 7 0.305 6 0.190 1 0.189 4 0.205 4 0.147 4 12.84
ARG_QE 0.151 0 0.332 6 0.180 4 0.230 6 0.196 6 0.177 1 0.180 6 0.166 5 17.78
WEL&ETM_QE 0.185 1 0.325 9 0.208 4 0.324 6 0.198 8 0.246 5 0.229 9 0.162 7
MAP Values of Retrieval Results of the Title Queries for Different Expansion Methods
评价 扩展方法 EN01 EN00 UE01 UE00 MN01 MN00 UN01 UN00 平均增幅/%
Relax BLR 0.203 9 0.384 8 0.323 9 0.384 8 0.323 7 0.286 2 0.288 9 0.228 0 22.47
WE_QE 0.209 7 0.384 0 0.340 5 0.384 0 0.416 4 0.341 4 0.312 8 0.312 6 10.09
WAP_QE 0.245 7 0.403 6 0.345 6 0.403 6 0.380 9 0.356 5 0.335 3 0.326 3 10.09
WMS_QE 0.220 3 0.434 0 0.311 8 0.434 0 0.364 1 0.348 2 0.328 4 0.283 2 9.00
WPNP_QE 0.251 4 0.478 8 0.379 4 0.478 8 0.347 6 0.329 4 0.383 8 0.288 9 0.96
ARG_QE 0.207 6 0.295 9 0.310 7 0.295 9 0.365 3 0.284 9 0.279 3 0.279 9 27.88
WEL&ETM_QE 0.255 5 0.469 6 0.378 0 0.469 6 0.361 9 0.341 6 0.370 0 0.306 5
Rigid BLR 0.110 3 0.278 2 0.173 1 0.278 2 0.176 9 0.189 5 0.196 5 0.143 9 23.21
WE_QE 0.113 9 0.269 0 0.177 3 0.269 0 0.234 6 0.215 7 0.197 4 0.199 9 13.73
WAP_QE 0.137 5 0.272 7 0.191 0 0.272 7 0.208 2 0.219 9 0.227 8 0.193 5 8.72
WMS_QE 0.120 4 0.303 0 0.181 6 0.303 0 0.200 1 0.211 7 0.225 0 0.166 9 11.21
WPNP_QE 0.134 9 0.315 6 0.219 8 0.315 6 0.184 3 0.231 2 0.256 1 0.172 0 3.67
ARG_QE 0.110 9 0.223 6 0.171 9 0.223 6 0.198 1 0.182 1 0.158 3 0.171 9 31.24
WEL&ETM_QE 0.147 9 0.338 9 0.209 3 0.338 9 0.192 0 0.241 1 0.252 8 0.176 2
MAP Values of Retrieval Results of the Desc Queries for Different Expansion Methods
评价 扩展方法 EN01 EN00 UE01 UE00 MN01 MN00 UN01 UN00 平均增幅/%
Relax BLR 0.200 0 0.325 0 0.193 1 0.206 9 0.358 8 0.316 7 0.336 4 0.260 0 20.41
WE_QE 0.191 4 0.339 6 0.210 3 0.260 3 0.450 0 0.309 7 0.355 7 0.341 1 7.98
WAP_QE 0.243 1 0.358 3 0.232 8 0.265 5 0.413 2 0.325 0 0.352 3 0.331 1 3.74
WMS_QE 0.194 8 0.333 3 0.222 4 0.289 7 0.394 1 0.340 3 0.312 5 0.328 9 8.65
WPNP_QE 0.165 5 0.333 3 0.200 0 0.289 7 0.376 5 0.300 0 0.368 2 0.337 8 12.21
ARG_QE 0.191 7 0.338 3 0.245 5 0.306 2 0.410 6 0.273 3 0.380 0 0.342 2 6.14
WEL&ETM_QE 0.206 9 0.358 3 0.234 5 0.289 7 0.447 1 0.361 1 0.390 9 0.346 7
Rigid BLR 0.137 9 0.208 3 0.158 6 0.137 9 0.264 7 0.244 4 0.263 6 0.220 0 17.46
WE_QE 0.113 8 0.245 8 0.162 1 0.155 2 0.310 3 0.229 2 0.270 5 0.276 7 11.57
WAP_QE 0.174 1 0.237 5 0.184 5 0.167 2 0.269 1 0.225 0 0.273 9 0.265 6 5.65
WMS_QE 0.134 5 0.233 3 0.172 4 0.179 3 0.276 5 0.250 0 0.252 3 0.255 6 8.91
WPNP_QE 0.103 4 0.225 0 0.158 6 0.193 1 0.270 6 0.222 2 0.300 0 0.253 3 13.55
ARG_QE 0.143 4 0.235 0 0.195 9 0.189 0 0.287 1 0.192 2 0.296 4 0.266 7 6.30
WEL&ETM_QE 0.151 7 0.225 0 0.200 0 0.186 2 0.294 1 0.272 2 0.313 6 0.262 2
P@5 Values of Retrieval Results of the Title Queries for Different Expansion Methods
评价 扩展方法 EN01 EN00 UE01 UE00 MN01 MN00 UN01 UN00 平均增幅/%
Relax BLR 0.248 3 0.333 3 0.234 5 0.234 5 0.364 7 0.266 7 0.368 2 0.244 4 14.95
WE_QE 0.244 8 0.354 2 0.241 4 0.256 9 0.451 5 0.302 8 0.337 5 0.318 9 5.82
WAP_QE 0.265 5 0.366 7 0.248 3 0.265 5 0.422 1 0.316 7 0.393 2 0.291 1 2.70
WMS_QE 0.250 0 0.306 3 0.262 1 0.265 5 0.398 5 0.326 4 0.368 2 0.280 0 6.90
WPNP_QE 0.248 3 0.350 0 0.269 0 0.275 9 0.429 4 0.333 3 0.418 2 0.275 6 1.70
ARG_QE 0.238 6 0.366 7 0.235 9 0.229 0 0.418 8 0.316 7 0.353 6 0.270 2 9.35
WEL&ETM_QE 0.282 8 0.350 0 0.282 8 0.255 2 0.452 9 0.322 2 0.404 5 0.284 4
Rigid BLR 0.172 4 0.191 7 0.165 5 0.172 4 0.247 1 0.183 3 0.304 5 0.320 0 17.13
WE_QE 0.155 2 0.222 9 0.170 7 0.198 3 0.316 2 0.216 7 0.271 6 0.391 1 7.54
WAP_QE 0.186 2 0.233 3 0.163 8 0.191 4 0.292 6 0.229 2 0.314 8 0.376 7 4.01
WMS_QE 0.167 2 0.206 3 0.191 4 0.196 6 0.276 5 0.231 9 0.285 2 0.356 7 7.18
WPNP_QE 0.186 2 0.208 3 0.206 9 0.193 1 0.282 4 0.244 4 0.336 4 0.373 3 1.07
ARG_QE 0.162 8 0.233 3 0.173 8 0.180 7 0.277 6 0.221 1 0.260 0 0.355 6 10.42
WEL&ETM_QE 0.200 0 0.216 7 0.200 0 0.186 2 0.311 8 0.238 9 0.322 7 0.373 3
P@5 Values of Retrieval Results of the Desc Queries for Different Expansion Methods
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