Developments of Tech-Innovation Network for Patent Cooperation: Case Study of Speech Recognition in China
Guan Peng1,2,Wang Yuefen2(),Jin Jialin2,Fu Zhu3
1School of Economics and Law, Chaohu University, Hefei 238000, China 2School of Economics & Management, Nanjing University of Science & Technology, Nanjing 210094, China; 3School of Economics and Management, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang 212003, China
[Objective] This paper examines the evolution of tech-innovation network from the perspective of patent cooperation. [Methods] First, we proposed a dynamic framework to analyze the patent cooperation network. Then, we conducted evolutionary analysis of the network’s topological structure based on network size, clustering, component analysis, degree distribution, and small-world theory. Third, we analyzed the centrality and structure holes of core network members. [Results] We evaluated the performance of our framework with an empirical study on speech recognition, which also investigated the impacts of network evolution on innovations. [Limitations] More research is needed to investigate the proposed model’s performance in other fields, as well as the influence of network structure on individual company’s innovations. [Conclusions] The domestic cooperative network for speech recognition patents, which has evolved from a fragmented network to the multi-center small-world one, plays an important role in innovation. The three core members of this network are companies, universities and research institutes, following the rule of “rich get richer”. This paper also discusses technology innovation management issues from the perspectives of cooperation and regional development.
关鹏,王曰芬,靳嘉林,傅柱. 专利合作视角下技术创新合作网络演化分析——以国内语音识别技术领域为例*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(1): 112-127.
Guan Peng,Wang Yuefen,Jin Jialin,Fu Zhu. Developments of Tech-Innovation Network for Patent Cooperation: Case Study of Speech Recognition in China. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(1): 112-127.
Ozman M . Inter-Firm Networks and Innovation: A Survey of Literature[J]. Economic of Innovation and New Technology, 2009,18(1):39-67.
[2]
Hagedoorn J . Understanding the Rationale of Strategic Technology Partnering: Interorganizational Modes of Cooperation and Sectoral Differences[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 1993,14(5):371-385.
[3]
Rothaermel F T, Deeds D L . Exploration and Exploitation Alliances in Biotechnology: A System of New Product Development[J]. Strategic Management Journal, 2004,25(3):201-221.
[4]
Granovetter M S . The Strength of Weak Ties[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 1973,78(6):1360-1380.
[5]
Zheng J, Zhao Z Y, Zhang X , et al. International Scientific and Technological Collaboration of China from 2004 to 2008: A Perspective from Paper and Patent Analysis[J]. Scientometrics, 2012,91(1):65-80.
[6]
Chen J H, Jang S L, Chang C H . The Patterns and Propensity for International Co-Invention: The Case of China[J]. Scientometrics, 2013,94(2):481-495.
[7]
Fleming L, King C, Juda A I . Small Worlds and Regional Innovation[J]. Organization Science, 2007,18(6):938-954.
[8]
He J, Fallah M H . Is Inventor Network Structure a Predictor of Cluster Evolution?[J]. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 2009,76(1):91-106.
[9]
Jaffe A, Trajtenberg M, Fogarty M . Knowledge Spillovers and Patent Citations: Evidence from a Survey of Inventors[J]. American Economic Review, 2000,90(2):215-218.
( Gao Xia, Chen Kaihua . The Complex Network Analysis of the Structure Evolution of Collaborative Innovation Networks: An Example of the Industry-University-Research Collaboration of Chinese ICT Industry[J]. Science Research Management, 2015,36(6):28-36.)
[11]
Singh J . Collaborative Networks as Determinants of Knowledge Diffusion[J]. Management Science, 2005,51(5):756-770.
[12]
Cantner U, Graf H . The Network of Innovators in Jena: An Application of Social Network Analysis[J]. Research Policy, 2006,35(4):463-480.
[13]
Kim C, Song J . Creating New Technology Through Alliances: An Empirical Investigation of Joint Patents[J]. Technovation, 2007,27(8):461-470.
( Gao Liangzhou, Tang Heng, Liu Guifeng . Evolutionary Characteristics of the Industry-University-Institute Patent Cooperation Network Structure of Colleges and Universities in Beijing, Tianjin and Hebei[J]. Library & Information Studies, 2019,12(1):96-105.)
( Guo Jianjie, Xie Fuji, Wang Haihua , et al. Research on the Dynamic Evolution of Cooperative Network Based on Industry-University Joint-Patent Data——An Analysis of “Double First-Class” Universities[J]. Science & Technology Progress and Policy, 2019,36(17):1-10.)
( Li Peizhe, Jian Lirong, Liu Yong . Structural Characteristics and Evolution Analysis of Patent Cooperation Network of Satellite and Application Industries: From the Perspective of Social Network[J]. Journal of Intelligence, 2018,37(11):55-61.)
( Liu Fengchao, Ma Rongkang, Jiang Nan . Research on Evolutionary Paths of Industry-University-Research Institute Networks of Patent Collaboration Based on the “985 Universities”, China Soft Science, 2011(7):178-192.)
[18]
Inoue H, Souma W, Tamada S . Analysis of Cooperative Research and Development Networks on Japanese Patents[J]. Journal of Informetrics, 2010,4(1):89-96.
[19]
Koumpis K, Pavitt K . Corporate Activities in Speech Recognition and Natural Language: Another “New Science”-Based Technology[J]. International Journal of Innovation Management, 1999,3(3):335-366.
[20]
Marx M, Gans J S, Hsu D H . Dynamic Commercialization Strategies for Disruptive Technologies: Evidence from the Speech Recognition Industry[J]. Management Science, 2014,60(12):3103-3123.
[21]
Eslami H, Ebadi A, Schiffauerova A , et al. Effect of Collaboration Network Structure on Knowledge Creation and Technological Performance: The Case of Biotechnology in Canada[J]. Scientometrics, 2013,97(1):99-119.
[22]
Davis G F, Yoo M, Baker W E . The Small World of the American Corporate Elite, 1982-2001[J]. Strategic Organization, 2003,1(3):301-326.
[23]
Burt R S . Structural Holes and Good Ideas[J]. American Journal of Sociology, 2004,110(2):349-399.
[24]
Burt R S. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition[M]. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1995.
[25]
Zheng J, Zhao Z Y, Zhang X , et al. International Collaboration Development in Nanotechnology: A Perspective of Patent Network Analysis[J]. Scientometrics, 2014,98(1):683-702.
[26]
de Prato G, Nepelski D . Global Technological Collaboration Network: Network Analysis of International Co-Inventions[J]. The Journal of Technology Transfer, 2014,39(3):358-375.
[27]
Yamaguchi K . The Flow of Information Through Social Networks: Diagonal-Free Measures of Inefficiency and the Structural Determinants of Inefficiency[J]. Social Networks, 1994,16(1):57-86.
[28]
Schilling M A, Phelps C C . Interfirm Collaboration Networks: The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation[J]. Management Science, 2007,53(7):1113-1126.
[29]
Karrer B, Newman M E J. Random Graphs Containing Arbitrary Distributions of Subgraphs[J]. Physical Review E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 2010,82(6):066118.
[30]
Watts D J, Strogatz S H . Collective Dynamics of ‘Small-World’Networks[J]. Nature, 1998,393(6684):440.
[31]
Erdös P, Rényi A. On Random Graphs. I[J]. Publicationes Mathematicae, 1959,6:290-297.
[32]
Montoya J M, Sole R V . Small World Patterns in Food Webs[J]. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2002,214(3):405-412.
[33]
Fell D A, Wagner A . The Small World of Metabolism[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 2000,18(11):1121-1122.
[34]
Newman M E J . Clustering and Preferential Attachment in Growing Networks[J]. Physical Review E, Statistical, Nonlinear, and Soft Matter Physics, 2001,64(2):025102.
[35]
Broido A D, Clauset A. Scale-Free Networks are Rare[J]. Nature Communications, 2019. http://doi.org/10.1038/S41467-019-08746-5 .
[36]
Clauset A, Shalizi C R, Newman M E J. Power-Law Distributions in Empirical Data[J]. SIAM Review, 2009,51(4):661-703.
( Wang Hongqi, Yang Zhongji, Wu Jianlong , et al. Formation Mechanism of the Core Competence of Strategic Emerging Industry[J]. Science Research Management, 2018,39(2):143-151.)
