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数据分析与知识发现  2022, Vol. 6 Issue (6): 11-21     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.1128
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
信息框架对健康行为意愿改变的作用研究——眼动实验与启示*
韩文婷1(),韩玺2,朱庆华3
1南京大学工程管理学院 南京 210023
2广东财经大学工商管理学院 广州 510320
3南京大学信息管理学院 南京 210023
Impacts of Message Framing on Changing Intention of Health Behaviors —An Eye-Tracking Experiment
Han Wenting1(),Han Xi2,Zhu Qinghua3
1School of Management & Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
2School of Business Administration, Guangdong University of Finance & Economics, Guangzhou 510320, China
3School of Information Management, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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摘要 

【目的】 探究收益-损失框架和时间框架对前意向阶段个体健康行为意愿改变的作用,寻找有效引导个体健康行为意愿改变的健康信息类型。【方法】 基于信息框架设计4类健康信息,利用眼动实验记录被试阅读健康信息的眼动数据并采取方差分析的方法进行分析;结合后续半结构化访谈探究信息框架与健康行为意愿改变间的作用机制及前意向阶段个体的个性化信息需求。【结果】 损失框架信息比获得框架信息更能引起被试关注(总注视时长:49.456>32.633,P=0.045;平均注视时长:0.314>0.223,P=0.003)。短期和长期框架信息之间无明显差异(总注视时长:P=0.524;注视次数:P=0.291;平均注视时长:P=0.240)。健康信息通过增强感知风险、感知收益及自我效能影响健康行为意愿。此外,通过访谈数据总结了前意向阶段个体在健康行为改变过程中所需的6类健康信息。【局限】 被试结构单一,数量有限,眼动实验仅测试了两种框架信息的作用。【结论】 研究结论可为后续针对前意向阶段个体的个性化健康信息干预提供参考。

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韩文婷
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朱庆华
关键词 信息框架健康行为改变收益-损失框架时间框架眼动实验    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper explores the impacts of message framing (gain-loss framing and time framing) on the changing intention of individual’s health behaviors in a pre-contemplative stage, aiming to identify the information guiding people’s health behavioral intentions. [Methods] First, we designed four types of health information based on message framing theory. Then, we used an eye-tracking experiment to record participants’eye movements while reading health information and analyzed these data with ANOVA. Third, we used the semi-structured interview to explore the mechanism between message framing and health behavioral intentions. Finally, we identified participants’ health information needs. [Results] Loss framing information attracted more attention than the gain framing information (Total Fixation Duration: 49.456>32.633, P=0.045; Average Fixation Duration: 0.314>0.223, P=0.003). There was no significant difference between short-term framing and long-term framing information (Total Fixation Duration: P=0.524; Fixation Count: P=0.291; Average Fixation Duration: P=0.240). Health information influenced behavioral intention by increasing perceived risks, benefits and self-efficacy. Six types of health information acquired by individuals in the pre-contemplative stage were identified through interview data. [Limitations] The diversity and number of subjects, as well as types of message framing need to be expanded. [Conclusions] This study provides some reference for personalized health information intervention studies in the future.

Key wordsMessage Framing    Health Behavior Change    Gain-Loss Framing    Temporal Framing    Eye-Tracking Experiment
收稿日期: 2021-10-07      出版日期: 2022-07-28
ZTFLH:  G203  
基金资助:*国家自然科学基金面上项目(72174083);广东省基础与应用基础研究基金项目(2021A1515011956)
通讯作者: 韩文婷, ORCID:0000-0002-7690-7990     E-mail: njuhanwt@smail.nju.edu.cn
引用本文:   
韩文婷, 韩玺, 朱庆华. 信息框架对健康行为意愿改变的作用研究——眼动实验与启示*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2022, 6(6): 11-21.
Han Wenting, Han Xi, Zhu Qinghua. Impacts of Message Framing on Changing Intention of Health Behaviors —An Eye-Tracking Experiment. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2022, 6(6): 11-21.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.1128      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2022/V6/I6/11
Fig.1  实验材料示例
因变量 自变量 均值 F P
总注视时长 损失框架 49.456 4.834 0.045*
收益框架 32.633
注视次数 损失框架 165.130 0.152 0.702
收益框架 152.500
平均注视时长 损失框架 0.314 8.727 0.003**
收益框架 0.223
Table 1  收益-损失框架信息的方差分析结果
因变量 自变量 均值 F P
总注视时长 近期框架 15.624 0.428 0.524
远期框架 13.530
注视次数 近期框架 70.380 1.206 0.291
远期框架 57.380
平均注视时长 近期框架 0.215 1.504 0.240
远期框架 0.243
Table 2  时间框架信息的方差分析结果
Fig.2  健康信息对健康行为意愿改变的作用机制
序号 健康信息需求 访谈资料
1 健康行为
教程类信息
P3:比较具体的那种运动方法,比如在家,几分钟,做什么动作,有什么注意事项,以及一些真人示范可以让我跟着学。
P7:怎么运动更科学、最有效率,就是花最少的时间有最大的效果的那种信息。
P9:每天花个几分钟时间,而且很简单的运动方式,用这种东西来吸引我的眼球,我可能会去关注一下。
P15:涉及不同的锻炼条件的,有设备或者没设备,还有分阶段的,初级、进阶版这种。
2 健康行为
激励类信息
P1:因为我比较喜欢看体育比赛,所以给我看一些运动员他们平时的生活方式和训练方式,会想去模仿一下。这些运动员会对自己起到一些榜样的作用。
P2:看到那种很好看的健身博主和她们健身之后的好身材的照片,还有她们分享的一些健身的方式,会让我想去健身。
3 健康风险
类信息
P4:那些健康风险的案例或者新闻,比如办公桌前猝死的那种新闻,可能会更具有冲击性。
P11:因为我们现在是长期坐在办公室学习,如果给我推荐一个,就是那种“办公室白领因长期不运动发生什么疾病,这些危害你要知道”。我就肯定会点进去看。
4 健康收益
类信息
P14:对于女孩子来讲的话,可能大部分开始运动的目标都是减肥。所以如果文章中说到运动对减重方面的作用,提供一个运动了多长时间的一个案例,她的体重、腰围、体脂分别减了多少,然后通过怎样的一种运动方式,可能对女生来说是比较感兴趣的。
P16:这里说的运动防止癌症啊这些,虽然是疾病,但是我觉得离我很远。如果说运动可以变瘦、变美啊之类的,我可以考虑一下。
5 健康知识
科普类信息
P6:以视频或者动画建模的形式去解析身体机能的信息,更直观一点地让人理解身体的这些运动和不运动的区别,我觉得更有说服力一些。
6 监督奖励
机制类信息
P8:有的公众号文章,开展了每天运动打卡领奖励的这种活动,我是比较愿意去参加的。
Table 3  前意向阶段个体的健康信息需求
Fig.3  前意向阶段个体在健康行为意愿改变中的6类健康信息需求
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