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数据分析与知识发现  2023, Vol. 7 Issue (3): 80-96     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0578
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
重大突发事件下大群体靶向协同决策模型仿真研究*
郝志远1,马捷1,2(),孙文晶1
1吉林大学商学与管理学院 长春 130012
2吉林大学信息资源研究中心 长春 130012
Simulation Research of Targeted Collaborative Decision-Making Model for Large Groups in Major Emergencies
Hao Zhiyuan1,Ma Jie1,2(),Sun Wenjing1
1School of Business and Management, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
2Information Resource Research Center, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
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摘要 

【目的】 有效提高政府决策群体在面对重大突发事件时的应急决策效能。【方法】 从信息传播的角度出发,基于动机认知理论,围绕自我定向与任务定向两大动机认知的内驱维度以及外部刺激诱发动机、群体结构诱发动机和业务素养诱发动机三大动机维度展开研究,通过引入SIR传播模型的相关原理,构建大群体靶向协同应急决策模型(TC-LGDM)。【结果】 次生事件发生概率、成员个体决策影响力以及成员个体专业能力三个现实因素与大群体靶向协同决策的最终形成及其效能密切相关。【局限】 群体内的决策状态种类有限;未对决策个体在接收信息过程形成的附加信息价值进行深入探讨。【结论】 研究内容既可为辅助决策者获得决策情境映现和趋势预判能力提供有益参考,又是提升政府应对公共危机风险事件的可持续发展力和决策科学化水平的必然选择。

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郝志远
马捷
孙文晶
关键词 重大突发事件靶向协同群体应急决策系统仿真动机认知理论    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper tries to effectively improve the decision-making efficiency of governmental agencies in major emergencies. [Methods] From the perspective of information dissemination and based on motivation-cognition theory, we focused on the two internal driving dimensions of self-orientation and task-orientation, as well as the three external motivational dimensions induced by stimulus, group structure, and professionalism. By introducing the relevant principles of the SIR transmission model, we constructed a targeted collaboration decision model for the large groups (the TC-LGDM model). [Results] The three realistic factors, i.e., the probability of secondary events, the influence of individual decision makings, and the professional competence of members, are closely related to the final formation and efficacy of large group targeted collaborative decision-making. [Limitations] The decision-making states within the group are limited,and the additional information value formed by the decision-makers in the process of receiving information needs to be explored more deeply. [Conclusions] This study provides valuable references for decision-makers to obtain situational manifestation and trend prediction capabilities. It is also an inevitable choice to enhance the sustainable development and decision-making of government in responding to public crisis risk events.

Key wordsMajor Emergencies    Target Collaboration    Group Emergency Decision    System Simulation    Motivational Cognitive Theory
收稿日期: 2022-06-06      出版日期: 2023-04-13
ZTFLH:  G203  
基金资助:国家社会科学基金重大项目(20&ZD125);吉林省自然科学基金项目(20210101480JC);吉林大学“中国式现代化道路”与“人类文明新形态”哲学社会科学研究创新团队项目(2022CXTD20)
通讯作者: 马捷,ORCID:0000-0002-1471-2143,E-mail:m-1j-1@163.com。   
引用本文:   
郝志远, 马捷, 孙文晶. 重大突发事件下大群体靶向协同决策模型仿真研究*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2023, 7(3): 80-96.
Hao Zhiyuan, Ma Jie, Sun Wenjing. Simulation Research of Targeted Collaborative Decision-Making Model for Large Groups in Major Emergencies. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2023, 7(3): 80-96.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0578      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2023/V7/I3/80
Fig.1  大群体靶向协同应急决策概念内涵解读图
目标定向 决策状态 动机归类 现实因素 来源文献
自我定向 从众群体
犹豫群体
自我群体
外部刺激诱发动机
群体结构诱发动机
业务素养诱发动机
个体决策影响
群体人员构成
外界次生事件
自我中心主义
[17,19]
[21]
[24-25]
任务定向 研判群体
共识群体
外部刺激诱发动机
群体结构诱发动机
业务素养诱发动机
科学知识水平
个体综合素养
领域经验程度
个体风险偏好
[21]
[20,22 -23]
Table 1  目标定向驱动下决策群体的诱发动机归类
Fig.2  基于动机认知理论的TC-LGDM模型
参数及变量名称 表示符号 参数及变量含义解释
感知从众转化率 a1 表示一个个体由感知群体状态向从众群体状态转化的可能性
感知研判转化率 a2 表示一个个体由感知群体状态向研判群体状态转化的可能性
感知共识转化率 a3 表示一个个体由感知群体状态向共识群体状态转化的可能性
感知自我转化率 a4 表示一个个体由感知群体状态向自我群体状态转化的可能性
感知犹豫转化率 a5 表示一个个体由感知群体状态向犹豫群体状态转化的可能性
从众犹豫转化率 b1 表示一个个体由从众群体状态向犹豫群体状态转化的可能性
从众研判转化率 b2 表示一个个体由从众群体状态向研判群体状态转化的可能性
从众共识转化率 b3 表示一个个体由从众群体状态向共识群体状态转化的可能性
犹豫从众转化率 c1 表示一个个体由犹豫群体状态向从众群体状态转化的可能性
犹豫研判转化率 c2 表示一个个体由犹豫群体状态向研判群体状态转化的可能性
犹豫共识转化率 c3 表示一个个体由犹豫群体状态向共识群体状态转化的可能性
研判犹豫转化率 d1 表示一个个体由研判群体状态向犹豫群体状态转化的可能性
研判自我转化率 d2 表示一个个体由研判群体状态向自我群体状态转化的可能性
研判共识转化率 d3 表示一个个体由研判群体状态向共识群体状态转化的可能性
自我共识转化率 e1 表示一个个体由自我群体状态向共识群体状态转化的可能性
基础引导人数 num 表示任意状态中的个体能够影响到的人数(本文设左右近邻为受影响者)
知识水平系数 k 表示个体掌握的科学知识水平、专业经验程度等衡量业务素养的指标
个体认可度 r 表示个体基于人际关系、社会地位等因素对决策信息传播者的认可度
次生事件概率 p 表示该应急事件而引发的其他事件发生概率(如外界因素刺激等)
从众导向人数 b_num 表示从众群体中的每个个体能够影响到的人数
犹豫导向人数 c_num 表示犹豫群体中的每个个体能够影响到的人数
研判导向人数 d_num 表示研判群体中的每个个体能够影响到的人数
感知群体(t at 表示在时刻t感知群体里的个体数量
从众群体(t bt 表示在时刻t从众群体里的个体数量
犹豫群体(t ct 表示在时刻t犹豫群体里的个体数量
研判群体(t dt 表示在时刻t研判群体里的个体数量
自我群体(t et 表示在时刻t自我群体里的个体数量
共识群体(t gt 表示在时刻t共识群体里的个体数量
Table 2  TC-LGDM模型相关参数及变量
参数及变量名称 表示符号 参数及变量取值
感知从众转化率 a1 0.250
感知研判转化率 a2 0.110
感知共识转化率 a3 0.030
感知自我转化率 a4 0.008
感知犹豫转化率 a5 0.250
从众犹豫转化率 b1 0.030
从众研判转化率 b2 0.030
从众共识转化率 b3 0.215
犹豫从众转化率 c1 0.250
犹豫研判转化率 c2 0.003
犹豫共识转化率 c3 0.045
研判犹豫转化率 d1 0.020
研判自我转化率 d2 0.010
研判共识转化率 d3 0.001
自我共识转化率 e1 0.060
基础引导人数 num 2.000
知识水平系数 k 0.090
个体认可度 r 0.250
次生事件概率 p 0.100
群体总数 S_P 20.000
Table 3  TC-LGDM模型相关参数取值
Fig.3  AnyLogic创建的TC-LGDM系统动力学模型
Fig.4  TC-LGDM系统动力学模型中各决策状态的仿真实验结果
Fig.5  犹豫群体数量受参数影响的变化
Fig.6  共识群体数量受参数影响的变化
Fig.7  从众群体数量受参数影响的变化
Fig.8  共识群体数量受参数影响的变化
Fig.9  研判群体数量受参数影响的变化
Fig.10  共识群体数量受参数影响的变化
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