A Survey of Regression Discontinuity Design in Policy Evaluation Research: Logic, Status Quo and Prospects
Yang Yuhan1,Pan Hong2,Tang Li3()
1School of Economics, Chongqing Technology and Business University, Chongqing 400067, China 2School of Public Policy and Administration, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China 3School of International Relations & Public Affairs, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433, China
【目的】对断点回归设计（RDD）在政策评估领域的经典和前沿研究进行分类综述，对其在我国政策评估的应用前景进行前瞻与讨论。【文献范围】以“Regression Discontinuity”和“断点回归”为主题词分别在Web of Science（SSCI）和中国知网数据库进行检索，人工构建2008~2022期间的中英文断点回归文献数据库。【方法】采用文献计量方法，从RDD的基本逻辑出发，甄选断点回归设计在不同政策领域的应用研究开展综述评析。【结果】分析揭示，继教育、公卫、环境、公共财政等主要应用领域之后，近年来RDD因果推断在国内外科技政策和图书情报领域的政策评估中开始崭露头角。中国学者运用该方法已取得较大进展。【局限】断点回归的文献范围有待进一步扩充，与其他政策评估方法的比较分析可进一步深入。【结论】断点回归方法自提出以来已被大量应用于教育、公共卫生、环境及科技创新等领域的政策评估研究中，未来该方法可增加与准自然实验等其他研究方法的综合研究，扩展断点回归在我国和国际定量政策评估研究的应用分析。
[Objective] This paper aims to review the classical and cutting-edge research on the Regression Discontinuity Design(RDD) in the field of policy evaluation, and the prospect of its application in policy evaluation in China is prospected and discussed. [Coverage] We used “Regression Discontinuity” as a keyword to search the Web of Science and CNKI databases. The Chinese and English RDD literature databases were manually constructed for the period 2008-2022. [Methods] We used the bibliometric methods to analyze the application of RDD and conducted a systematic review of RDD in different policy areas. [Results] Our analysis shows that in addition to the dominat fields of education, public health, environment, and public administration, RDD has also appeared in science policy studies and in information and library sciences. The Chinese social science community has also witnessed a rapid growth of RDD research over the past decade. [Limitations] The literature on RDD research needs to be further expanded and comparative analysis with other policy evaluation methods can be further deepened. [Conclusions] RDD research has been widely used in policy evaluation research in the fields of education, public health, environment, and science and technology innovation, etc. In the future, the method can be enhanced with other research methods such as quasi-natural experiments, so as to expand the application of RDD in the analysis of China’s quantitative policy evaluation research and the international quantitative policy evaluation research.
杨寓涵, 潘虹, 唐莉. 断点回归在政策评估研究中的应用：逻辑、现状与前瞻*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2024, 8(6): 1-15.
Yang Yuhan, Pan Hong, Tang Li. A Survey of Regression Discontinuity Design in Policy Evaluation Research: Logic, Status Quo and Prospects. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2024, 8(6): 1-15.
(Liu Weichen, Guo Junhua, Shi Dongbo. How to Evaluate Public Policies Scientifically? ——An Application of Counterfactual Framework and Matching Methods in Policy Evaluation[J]. Journal of Public Administration, 2021(1): 46-73.)
(Huang Bin, Fang Chao, Wang Dong. Causal Inference in Educational Research: Principles and Applications of Related Methods[J]. Journal of East China Normal University (Education Sciences), 2017, 35(4): 1-14, 134.)
[4]
Heckman J J. Micro Data, Heterogeneity and the Evaluation of Public Policy Part 2[J]. The American Economist, 2005, 49(1): 16-44.
[5]
Imbens G W, Wooldridge J M. Recent Developments in the Econometrics of Program Evaluation[J]. Journal of Economic Literature, 2009, 47(1): 5-86.
(Hu Yongmei, Tang Yipeng. The Causality Evaluation Method on Public Policies and Programs and its Application[J]. Journal of Central China Normal University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2018, 57(3): 168-181.)
(Li Wenzhao, Xu Wen. Policy Evaluation Research Based on Causal Inference: A Unified Framework for Experimental and Quasi-Experimental Designs[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022, 38(12): 104-123.)
[11]
Cerulli G. Econometric Evaluation of Socio-Economic Programs: Theory and Applications[M]. Heidelberg: Springer, 2015.
(Fan Ziying, Cheng Kewei, Feng Chen. The Land Price Control and Firm’s R & D Innovation: Evidence from Bunching Identification[J]. Journal of Management World, 2022, 38(8): 156-178.)
[14]
Thistlethwaite D L, Campbell D T. Regression-Discontinuity Analysis: An Alternative to the Ex Post Facto Experiment[J]. Journal of Educational Psychology, 1960, 51(6): 309-317.
[15]
Hahn J, Todd P, van der Klaauw W. IDENTIFICATION and Estimation of Treatment Effects with a Regression‐Discontinuity Design[J]. Econometrica, 2001, 69(1): 201-209.
[16]
Imbens G W, Lemieux T. Regression Discontinuity Designs: A Guide to Practice[J]. Journal of Econometrics, 2008, 142(2): 615-635.
[17]
Hansen B. Punishment and Deterrence: Evidence from Drunk Driving[J]. American Economic Review, 2015, 105(4): 1581-1617.
[18]
Asher S, Novosad P. Rural Roads and Local Economic Development[J]. American Economic Review, 2020, 110(3): 797-823.
[19]
Ambrus A, Field E, Gonzalez R. Loss in the Time of Cholera: Long-Run Impact of a Disease Epidemic on the Urban Landscape[J]. American Economic Review, 2020, 110(2): 475-525.
[20]
Niu S X, Tienda M. The Impact of the Texas Top 10 Percent Law on College Enrollment: A Regression Discontinuity Approach[J]. Journal of Policy Analysis and Management: The Journal of the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management, 2010, 29(1): 84-110.
[21]
Michaels G, Nigmatulina D, Rauch F, et al. Planning Ahead for Better Neighborhoods: Long-Run Evidence from Tanzania[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2021, 129(7): 2112-2156.
[22]
Angrist J D, Lavy V. Using Maimonides’ Rule to Estimate the Effect of Class Size on Scholastic Achievement[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 1999, 114(2): 533-575.
[23]
Hoxby C M. The Effects of Class Size on Student Achievement: New Evidence from Population Variation[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2000, 115(4): 1239-1285.
(Zhang Yu. Causal Inference Models in Education Policy Evaluation and Mixed Methods[J]. Tsinghua Journal of Education, 2013, 34(3): 29-40.)
[25]
Li W, Konstantopoulos S. Class Size Effects on Fourth-Grade Mathematics Achievement: Evidence from TIMSS 2011[J]. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 2016, 9(4): 503-530.
[26]
Argaw B A, Puhani P A. Does Class Size Matter for School Tracking Outcomes after Elementary School? Quasi-Experimental Evidence Using Administrative Panel Data from Germany[J]. Economics of Education Review, 2018, 65: 48-57.
[27]
Gaggero A, Haile G. Does Class Size Matter in Postgraduate Education?[J]. The Manchester School, 2020, 88(3): 489-505.
[28]
Shen T, Konstantopoulos S. Are Class Size and Teacher Characteristics Associated with Cognitive Outcomes in Early Grades?[J]. School Effectiveness and School Improvement, 2022, 33(3): 333-359.
[29]
Ding W L, Lehrer S F. Do Peers Affect Student Achievement in China’s Secondary Schools?[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2007, 89(2): 300-312.
[30]
Vardardottir A. Peer Effects and Academic Achievement: A Regression Discontinuity Approach[J]. Economics of Education Review, 2013, 36: 108-121.
[31]
Hoekstra M, Mouganie P, Wang Y J. Peer Quality and the Academic Benefits to Attending Better Schools[J]. Journal of Labor Economics, 2018, 36(4): 841-884.
[32]
Jiang L Q. Splash with a Teammate: Peer Effects in High-Stakes Tournaments[J]. Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, 2020, 171: 165-188.
[33]
Goodman J. Who Merits Financial Aid?: Massachusetts’ Adams Scholarship[J]. Journal of Public Economics, 2008, 92(10): 2121-2131.
[34]
van der Klaauw W. Estimating the Effect of Financial Aid Offers on College Enrollment: A Regression-Discontinuity Approach[J]. International Economic Review, 2002, 43(4): 1249-1287.
[35]
Lavy V. From Forced Busing to Free Choice in Public Schools: Quasi-Experimental Evidence of Individual and General Effects[OL]. [2024-05-13]. https://ssrn.com/abstract=878056.
(Wang Jun, Sun Zhijun. Does Key Senior High Schools Improve Students’ Academic Performance?— A Regression Discontinuity Study in County F[J]. Peking University Education Review, 2015, 13(4): 82-109.)
(Liu Yanli, Yao Jijun, Zhou Shike. The Influence of Standardization of Compulsory Education Schools on Academic Proficiency—An Empirical Analysis Based on the Monitoring Data in Jiangsu Province[J]. Education Research Monthly, 2019(5): 87-95.)
(Zhang Yan, Ding Yanqing, Li Honghui, et al. Retaking College Entrance Exam: Evidence from a Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. Global Education, 2019, 48(7): 111-128.)
(Guo Siwei, Zhang Mingang, Cao Jing. Does Education Really Affect Adult Health? Evidence from China’s Implementation of the 1986 Compulsory Schooling Law[J]. China Journal of Economics, 2019, 6(3): 148-187.)
(Liu Shenglong, Zhou Shaojie, Hu Angang. Compulsory Education Law and Economic Return to Education in Urban China: Based on Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2016, 51(2): 154-167.)
(Zhang Yanan, Du Ping. The Effect of Higher Education Expansion on Salaries of College Graduates: Based on Empirical Evidence of Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. South China Population, 2017, 32(4): 68-80.)
(Chu Shuai, Meng Fanqiang. College Enrollment Expansion in China and the Difference Return of Education Between Urban and Rural: Based on Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. South China Journal of Economics, 2017(10): 16-35.)
(Zhang Yuan, Liu Dandan. How does the Education Externality Affect the Income of Labor? —Empirical Research Based on CFPS Micro Data[J]. Population and Development, 2021, 27(6): 51-60.)
(Liu Shenglong, Hu Angang. Returns to College Education: A Natural Experiment from Expansion of Higher Education in China[J]. Studies in Labor Economics, 2018, 6(4): 48-70.)
(Xu Na, Zhang Liqin. The Impact of Tertiary Education Expansion on Education Opportunity Equality—An Empirical Study Based on Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. Education Science, 2018, 34(2): 45-52.)
(Wang Lin, Song Bo, Liu Hua. Research on the Influence of Enrollment Expansion of Colleges and Universities on the Access to Higher Education in Rural Areas: An Empirical Test Based on Breakpoint Regression[J]. Chongqing Higher Education Research, 2020, 8(1): 27-36.)
(Zhou Ying, Yang Tianchi, Jia Nan. Compulsory Education Law and Intergenerational Mobility of Education: An Empirical Test Based on Regression Discontinuity[J]. Journal of Educational Studies, 2021, 17(6): 160-171.)
(Gong Feng, Li Bofeng, Lei Xin. Does the Expansion of College Enrollment Improve Social Justice? A Regression Discontinuity Design Based on the Perception of Justice[J]. Finance & Trade Economics, 2021, 42(3): 111-127.)
[50]
Card D, Shore-Sheppard L D. Using Discontinuous Eligibility Rules to Identify the Effects of the Federal Medicaid Expansions on Low-Income Children[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2004, 86(3): 752-766.
[51]
Courtin E, Nafilyan V, Avendano M, et al. Longer Schooling but not Better Off? A Quasi-Experimental Study of the Effect of Compulsory Schooling on Biomarkers in France[J]. Social Science & Medicine, 2019, 220: 379-386.
[52]
Callaghan R C, Sanches M, Gatley J, et al. Impacts of Canada’s Minimum Age for Tobacco Sales (MATS) Laws on Youth Smoking Behaviour, 2000-2014[J]. Tobacco Control, 2018, 27(e2): e105-e111.
[53]
Card D, Dobkin C, Maestas N. Does Medicare Save Lives?[J]. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 2009, 124(2): 597-636.
[54]
Snyder S E, Evans W N. The Effect of Income on Mortality: Evidence from the Social Security Notch[J]. Review of Economics and Statistics, 2006, 88(3): 482-495.
[55]
Carpenter C, Dobkin C. The Effect of Alcohol Consumption on Mortality: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from the Minimum Drinking Age[J]. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 2009, 1(1) : 164-182.
(Zhang Chuanchuan. Pension Income and Labor Supply of Rural Elderly Population—An Analysis Based on Breakpoint Regression[J]. World Economic Papers, 2015(6): 76-89.)
[58]
张川川, John Giles, 赵耀辉. 新型农村社会养老保险政策效果评估——收入、贫困、消费、主观福利和劳动供给[J]. 经济学(季刊), 2015, 14(1): 203-230.
[58]
(Zhang Chuanchuan, John Giles, Zhao Yaohui. Policy Evaluation of China’s New Rural Pension Program: Income, Poverty, Expenditure, Subjective Wellbeing and Labor Supply[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2015, 14(1): 203-230.)
(Lyu Jie, Lin Yujie. The Study of Asymmetric Impact of New Rural Insurance on Family Labor Supply—Based on McElroy-Horney Nash Game Model[J]. Management Review, 2019, 31(6): 258-266.)
(Li Yao, Liu Junxia, Li Lei. The Impact and its Heterogeneity of New Rural Pension Program on Health Service Utilization of the Rural Elderly[J]. Journal of Agrotechnical Economics, 2022(8): 112-124.)
(Yi Dinghong, Zhao Yifan. Evaluation of the Effect of New Rural Social Pension Policy—An Empirical Research Based on the Happiness of the Elderly[J]. Economic Theory and Business Management, 2021, 41(6): 99-112.)
(Ma Chao, Li Zhile, Sun Zhuanlan, et al. The Effect of New Rural Pension Scheme on Alleviating the Health Care Spending Burden—Why Subsidize Income is Better than Subsidize Health Insurance[J]. China Industrial Economics, 2021(4): 43-61.)
(Deng Tinghe, He Xiurong. The Effects of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health Outcomes in Males: Based on the Empirical Evidences of Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. Population & Economics, 2016(6): 82-91.)
(Liu Shenglong, Lang Xiaojuan. The Impact of Retirement on Physical and Mental Health among Chinese Elderly[J]. Population Research, 2017, 41(5): 74-88.)
(Zou Hong, Luan Bingjiang, Peng Zhengcheng, et al. Does Retirement Change the Health Behavior of Urban Older Adults? Evidence Based on Regression Discontinuity Design of Alcohol and Tobacco Consumption[J]. Nankai Economic Studies, 2018(6): 112-128.)
(Xiong Xiaohan, Li Rui. A Study of the Health Spillover Effect and Mechanism of China’s Spouse Retirement[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2021(1): 55-67.)
(Zhang Binbin, Lu Wanjun. Does Retirement Consumption Puzzle Exist in China? An Empirical Test of CHARLS[J]. Studies in Labor Economics, 2014, 2(4): 103-120.)
(Li Hongbin, Shi Xinzheng, Wu Binzhen. Do Chinese Households Smooth Consumption around Retirement?[J]. China Economic Quarterly, 2015, 14(1): 117-134.)
(Zou Hong, Yu Kaizhi. Retirement and Urban Household Consumption: Based on Empirical Evidences of Regression Discontinuity Design[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2015, 50(1): 124-139.)
(Jiao Na. A Study on the Elder’s Behavior of Medical Consumption in Public Pension System: Empirical Evidence from Fuzzy Regression Discontinuity[J]. Population & Economics, 2016(4): 91-102.)
(Zhang Nan, Lu Hongyou, Yu Jinliang, et al. Retirement Shock, Gender Difference and Environmental Preferences[J]. Finance and Trade Research, 2019, 30(3): 71-84.)
[76]
Davis L W. The Effect of Driving Restrictions on Air Quality in Mexico City[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2008, 116(1): 38-81.
[77]
Folgerø I K, Harding T, Westby B S. Going Fast or Going Green? Evidence from Environmental Speed Limits in Norway[J]. Transportation Research Part D: Transport and Environment, 2020, 82: 102261.
[78]
Zhang M, Shan C, Wang W W, et al. Do Driving Restrictions Improve Air Quality: Take Beijing-Tianjin for Example?[J]. The Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 712: 136408.
[79]
Rivera N M. Air Quality Warnings and Temporary Driving Bans: Evidence from Air Pollution, Car Trips, and Mass-Transit Ridership in Santiago[J]. Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, 2021, 108: 102454.
[80]
Almond D, Chen Y Y, Greenstone M, et al. Winter Heating or Clean Air? Unintended Impacts of China’s Huai River Policy[J]. American Economic Review, 2009, 99(2): 184-190.
[81]
Chen Y Y, Ebenstein A, Greenstone M, et al. Evidence on the Impact of Sustained Exposure to Air Pollution on Life Expectancy from China’s Huai River Policy[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2013, 110(32): 12936-12941.
[82]
Huang X, Lanz B. The Value of Air Quality in Chinese Cities: Evidence from Labor and Property Market Outcomes[J]. Environmental and Resource Economics, 2018, 71(4): 849-874.
[83]
Chay K Y, Greenstone M. Air Quality, Infant Mortality, and the Clean Air Act of 1970[OL]. [2024-05-13]. https://ssrn.com/abstract=509182.
[84]
Chay K Y, Greenstone M. Does Air Quality Matter? Evidence from the Housing Market[J]. Journal of Political Economy, 2005, 113(2): 376-424.
(Tu Zhengge, Deng Hui, Chen Renjun, et al. The Environmental and Economic Benefits of the Central Environmental Protection Supervision: Evidence from Policy Pilot in Hebei[J]. Economic Review, 2020(1): 3-16.)
(Zhao Jun, Liu Chunyan. Does Green Financial Policy Promote Low-Carbon Development? —Take the Key Provinces in China along the Belt and Road as an Example[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2020(5): 45-52.)
(Yang Xiaocong, Peng Fei, Kang Lili. Green Metro: The Effects of New Metro Line 3 on Air Quality in Nanjing[J]. Journal of Gansu Administration Institute, 2017(4): 82-94.)
(Feng Guoqiang, Li Jing. Assessment of Emission Reduction Effect of Urban Rail Transit[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2019, 29(10): 143-151.)
(Zhao Pengfei. Research on the Impact of the Regulation Policies of Online Ride-Hailing on Urban Environment—Take Beijing as an Example[J]. Price (Theory & Practice), 2019(3): 139-142.)
(Zhao Qiang, Sun Jian. The Impact of Air Pollution on the Commercial Health Insurance Demand—Empirical Research Based on Qinling Mountains-Huaihe River Region[J]. Lanzhou Academic Journal, 2021(12): 64-78.)
(Li Weibing, Zou Ping. Air Pollution and Residents’ Mental Health—An Estimation Based on Regression Discontinuity[J]. Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology (Social Sciences Edition), 2019, 21(6): 10-21.)
(Chu Deyin, He Pengfei, Liang Ruobing. Subjective Air Pollution and Residents’ Happiness—Verification of Micro-Data Based on Breakpoint Regression Design[J]. Economic Perspectives, 2017(2): 88-101.)
(Yang Jinyu. Air Pollution and Executive Migration: Based on Regression Discontinuity Design of China’s Huai River Policy[J]. Nankai Economic Studies, 2021(2): 143-163.)
(Liu Chang, Ma Guangrong. Does Intergovernmental Transfer in China Have Flypaper Effect? —Quasi-Experimental Evidence from China’s Designation of National Poor Counties[J]. China Journal of Economics, 2015, 2(1): 25-46.)
(Ma Guangrong, Guo Qingwang, Liu Chang. The Structure of Fiscal Transfer Payments and Regional Economic Growth[J]. Social Sciences in China, 2016(9): 105-125.)
(Lei Genqiang, Huang Xiaohong, Xi Penghui. The Impact of Transfer Payments on Urban-Rural Income Gap—Based on Fuzzy RD Analysis of China’s Midwestern Counties Data[J]. Finance & Trade Economics, 2015(12): 35-48.)
(Du Pengcheng, Wang Shuxun, Xu Shu. Tax Administration, Tax Avoidance and Labor Income Share: Evidence from the Corporate Tax Collection Reform in China[J]. Journal of Management World, 2021, 37(7): 105-118.)
(Yang Jun, Huang Xianhai, Song Xueyin. Can Reduction in the Uncertainty of Tax Policy Improve the Capital Return of Enterprises? —A Quasi-Natural Test Based on Income Tax Sharing Reform[J]. Journal of Zhejiang University (Humanities and Social Sciences), 2019, 49(6): 116-131.)
(Gao Zhengbin, Zhang Kaizhi, Ni Zhiliang. Can Tax Reduction Promote Firm Innovation? a Quasi-Natural Experiment Based on the Income Tax Sharing Reform[J]. Public Finance Research, 2020(8): 86-100.)
(Xu Changsheng, Kong Lingwen. Does the High-Tech Enterprise Certification Inspire Innovation? —The Regression Discontinuity Designs Based on the Data of A-Share Listed Companies in China[J]. East China Economic Management, 2017, 31(10): 5-10.)
(Xu Ye, Cai Qihan. The Influence of Hi-Tech Enterprises Recognition on Enterprise’s Innovation and Financial Performance—Based on RDD[J]. Fudan Journal (Social Sciences Edition), 2019, 61(6): 139-150.)
(Zhang Yongan, Guan Yongjuan. Research on the Effect of National Independent Innovation Demonstration Zone Policy on Regional Economy[J]. Soft Science, 2021, 35(1): 101-107.)
[107]
Tang L, Cao C, Lien D, et al. The Effects of Anti-Corruption Campaign on Research Grant Reimbursement: Regression Discontinuity Evidence from China[J]. Science and Engineering Ethics, 2020, 26(6): 3415-3436.
[108]
Bronzini R, Piselli P. The Impact of R&D Subsidies on Firm Innovation[J]. Research Policy, 2016, 45(2): 442-457.
[109]
Howell S T. Financing Innovation: Evidence from R&D Grants[J]. American Economic Review, 2017, 107(4): 1136-1164.
[110]
Bruhn M, McKenzie D. Can Grants to Consortia Spur Innovation and Science-Industry Collaboration? Regression-Discontinuity Evidence from Poland[J]. The World Bank Economic Review, 2019, 33(3): 690-716.
[111]
Trinugroho I, Law S H, Lee W C, et al. Effect of Financial Development on Innovation: Roles of Market Institutions[J]. Economic Modelling, 2021, 103: 105598.
[112]
Cavusoglu H, Phan T Q, Cavusoglu H, et al. Assessing the Impact of Granular Privacy Controls on Content Sharing and Disclosure on Facebook[J]. Information Systems Research, 2016, 27(4): 848-879.
[113]
Kim J M, Han J, Jiang S Y. The Impact of Comment History Disclosure on Online Comment Posting Behaviors[J]. Information Technology & People, 2023, 36(7): 2847-2868.
(Li Mingjie, Yue Xinchen, Hu Jianbo, et al. International Cooperation in Scientific Research during the COVID-19[J]. Journal of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, 2022, 51(6): 928-936.)
[115]
Sun Z L, Liu S, Li Y W. Expedited Editorial Decision in COVID-19 Pandemic[J]. Journal of Informetrics, 2023, 17(1): 101382.
[116]
Athey S, Imbens G W. The state of Applied Econometrics: Causality and Policy Evaluation[J]. The Journal of Economic Perspectives, 2017, 31(2): 3-32.
(Liu Shenglong. Regression Discontinuity Design in Social Science Research: Recent Representative Studies and Their Outlook[J]. Public Management Review, 2021, 3(2): 140-159.)
[118]
Branson Z, Rischard M, Bornn L, et al. A Nonparametric Bayesian Methodology for Regression Discontinuity Designs[J]. Journal of Statistical Planning and Inference, 2019, 202: 14-30.
doi: 10.1016/j.jspi.2019.01.003
(Hong Yongmiao, Wang Shouyang. Impacts of Cutting-Edge Artificial Intelligence on Economic Research Paradigm[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2023, 38(3): 353-357.)
(Dou Yue, Tong Nannan, Yi Chengqi, et al. Research on the Architecture and Innovation Path of China’s Social Policy Evaluation from the Perspective of Big Data[J]. Information Studies (Theory & Application), 2021, 44(7): 50-57.)
(Liu Jingjiang, Zheng Changran, Hong Yongmiao. How Can Machine Learning Empower Management Research? A Domestic-Foreign Frontier Review and Future Prospects[J]. Journal of Management World, 2023, 39(9): 191-216.)
(Liu Chenhui, Tang Shiping. The Limitations of Machine Learning in Conflict Predictiontive Validity of the ViEWS: A Discussion about He Predict[J]. World Economics and Politics, 2023(12): 114-143.)
