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数据分析与知识发现  2018, Vol. 2 Issue (1): 88-98     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2017.1053
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
高维电子病历的数据降维策略与实证研究*
牟冬梅(), 王萍, 赵丹宁
吉林大学公共卫生学院 长春 130021
Reducing Data Dimension of Electronic Medical Records: An Empirical Study
Mu Dongmei(), Wang Ping, Zhao Danning
School of Public Health, Jilin University, Changchun 130021, China
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摘要 

目的】以高维的结构化电子病历数据为研究对象, 探究数据降维的策略, 为电子病历知识发现提供参考。【方法】通过文献调研进行初步约简, 再分别利用主成分分析法提取特征根大于1的因子、提取累计贡献率大于85%的因子, 利用Logistic回归方法提取有显著差异性的因子进行降维; 根据实证研究定性定量评价三种方法提取的属性结果。【结果】三种降维方法分别提取8个、17个和14个属性, 经过定性和定量评价发现, 利用主成分分析方法提取特征根大于1的因子的降维效果相对较好。【局限】数据样本量有限, 未能搜集一定时间跨度的数据进行深入分析。【结论】本研究制定的数据降维策略有效, 可以在保留目标数据原始特征的同时, 对高维空间数据进行识别、定位、分析, 用较少的属性特征代替整体数据集, 解决电子病历数据维度过高带来的数据挖掘灾难, 提高数据挖掘的效率和分析结果的准确性。

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牟冬梅
王萍
赵丹宁
关键词 降维数据挖掘知识发现电子病历    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper explores the strategy of reducing the data dimension of electronic medical records, aiming to improve the knowledge discovery. [Methods] First, we conducted preliminary dimension reduction through literature review. Then, we used three methods to finish the second round of dimension reduction. We extracted the factors with the eigenvalue greater than 1, with the cumulative contribution rate greater than 85%, as well as factors of significant differences. Finally, we compared results of the three methods with empirical research. [Results] The dimensional reduction methods extracted 8, 17 and 14 attributes respectively. After qualitative and quantitative evaluation, the principal component analysis method yielded the best result, whose dimension of the feature root was larger than 1. [Limitations] The sample size needs to be expanded for more in-depth analysis. [Conclusions] The proposed method could effectively reduce the data dimension of electronic medical records.

Key wordsDimension Reduction    Data Mining    Knowledge Discovery    Electronic Medical Record
收稿日期: 2017-10-23      出版日期: 2018-02-05
ZTFLH:  G353.1  
基金资助:*本文系国家自然科学基金面上项目“嵌入式知识服务驱动下的领域多维知识库构建”(项目编号: 71573102)和吉林省教育厅社会科学项目“虚拟健康社区知识发现与实证研究”(项目编号: JJKH20170881SK)的研究成果之一
引用本文:   
牟冬梅, 王萍, 赵丹宁. 高维电子病历的数据降维策略与实证研究*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2018, 2(1): 88-98.
Mu Dongmei,Wang Ping,Zhao Danning. Reducing Data Dimension of Electronic Medical Records: An Empirical Study. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2018, 2(1): 88-98.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2017.1053      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2018/V2/I1/88
  高维电子病历的数据降维策略
表格类型 表格数 数据量 属性简介
诊断表 1 16 508 patient ID、visit ID、diagnosis、诊断时间、诊断内容、治疗时间、治疗结果
基本信息表 1 10 791 patient ID、birth place、data of birth、sex
病人ID表 2 10 791 patient ID
生理指标表 1 65 536 patient ID、visit ID、record data、体重、体温、脉搏、呼吸、血压
生化指标表 12 45 803 主题词、申请序号、病人ID号、性别、诊断、检验时间、费用类型、血液样本类型、样本记录说明、检查时间及各种生化指标: 总胆固醇、高密度脂蛋白、低密度脂蛋白、甘油三酯、乳酸脱氢酶、载脂蛋白A、载脂蛋白B等
用药表 1 65 536 病人ID号、药品名称、起止时间、用法与用量、用药频次、费用等
糖化指标表 12 5 230 主题词(全血糖化血红蛋白)、申请序号、病人ID、性别、年龄、费别、血液样本类型、标本说明、时间、全血糖化血红蛋白测定量
  数据内容及特征简介
序号 主成分 英文缩写 旋转后因子载荷 特征根
1 直接胆红素 DBIL 0.959 2.743
2 Ca 0.820 2.563
3 Na 0.857 2.339
4 载脂蛋白B apoB 0.786 2.190
5 总胆固醇 TC 0.866 1.826
6 K 0.686 1.738
7 全血糖化血红蛋白 Hb 0.790 1.507
8 高密度脂蛋白 HDL 0.731 1.119
  旋转后各主成分因子载荷(提取特征根大于1因子)
  原始数据诊断表和生化表截图(部分)
  电子病历数据降维流程
  各组分特征值碎石图
序号 主成分 英文缩写 旋转后
因子载荷
累计贡献率
1 直接胆红素 DBIL 0.961 10.158
2 血清白蛋白 ALB 0.873 19.650
3 总胆固醇 TC 0.944 28.314
4 氯化物 Cl 0.914 36.427
5 甘油三酯 TG 0.890 43.191
6 全血糖化血红蛋白 Hb 0.834 49.627
7 载脂蛋白A1 apoA1 0.786 55.207
8 年龄 age 0.870 59.350
9 二氧化碳 CO2 0.912 63.033
10 K 0.952 66.525
11 游离钙 f-Ca 0.964 69.908
12 血清尿酸 SUA 0.942 73.159
13 性别 sex 0.888 76.242
14 Mg 0.971 79.214
15 乳酸脱氢酶 LDH 0.972 81.920
16 血清脂蛋白 LP(a) 0.973 84.609
17 糖化血清蛋白 GSP 0.934 87.023
  旋转后各主成分因子载荷(提取特累计贡献率大于85%因子)
序号 属性 B sig. Exp(B)
1 葡萄糖(GS) 0.103 0.000 1.108
2 总胆固醇(TC) 0.441 0.000 1.554
3 乳酸脱氢酶(LDH) 0.005 0.000 1.005
4 低密度脂蛋白(LDL) -0.544 0.000 0.580
5 全血糖化血红蛋白(Hb) -0.128 0.005 0.880
6 总胆红素(STB) -0.030 0.008 0.970
7 直接胆红素(DBIL) 0.246 0.000 1.279
8 总胆汁酸(TBA) 0.048 0.004 1.049
9 钾(K) -0.670 0.000 0.512
10 氯化物(Cl) -0.105 0.000 0.901
11 无机磷(P) -1.215 0.000 2.97
12 镁(Mg) 2.948 0.000 19.071
13 游离钙(f-Ca) 3.009 0.035 20.265
14 二氧化碳(CO2) -0.176 0.000 0.839
  Logistic回归分析结果(提取差异有显著性的因子)
项目 降维方法1 降维方法2 降维方法3
降维原理 特征向量
特征根
特征向量累
计贡献率
特征向量患病
差异显著性
降维方法 主成分分析 主成分分析 逻辑回归
降维条件 特征根大于1 累计贡献率大于85% P值小于0.05
提取因子数量 8个 17个 14个
提取因子百分比 29.63% 62.96% 51.85%
  三种降维方法的比较
方法 TP FP Precision Recall F-Measure ROC Area Kappa
未降维 0.935 0.096 0.935 0.935 0.935 0.925 0.838
降维方法1 0.975 0.045 0.974 0.975 0.974 0.975 0.936
降维方法2 0.933 0.093 0.934 0.933 0.934 0.925 0.836
降维方法3 0.941 0.088 0.941 0.941 0.941 0.937 0.879
  基线精度及J48算法构建模型的结果
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