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数据分析与知识发现  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (8): 65-75     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.0188
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
基于机器学习组合优化方法的术后感染预测模型研究*
苏强1,侯校理1(),邹妮2
1同济大学经济与管理学院 上海 200092
2上海交通大学附属第一人民医院 上海 200240
Predicting Surgical Infections Based on Machine Learning
Su Qiang1,Hou Xiaoli1(),Zou Ni2
1School of Economics and Management, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, China
2Shanghai General Hospital, Shanghai 200240, China
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摘要 

【目的】 提高患者术后感染风险预测的准确性和有效性,探索基于机器学习组合预测方法建立术后感染预测模型。【方法】 首先选择SMOTE、ADASYN和随机过采样三种采样技术以平衡数据集,然后结合5种常用机器学习模型生成多种预测组合,提出基于改进人工蜂群算法的采样技术与预测模型的混合预测方法,最后验证并比较多种组合预测方法的有效性。【结果】 实证分析显示,采用人工蜂群算法组合策略方法下的混合模型的GM值和F1值分别达到0.791 2和0.669 3,相较于单一预测模型分别提升了15.15%和23.62%。【局限】 模型需要在更大的SSI数据集层面进一步验证。【结论】 基于人工蜂群组合优化方法的混合预测模型能够有效提高术后感染预测能力,尤其是对阳性患者的预测,为实际临床应用提供参考。

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苏强
侯校理
邹妮
关键词 手术部位感染预测组合人工蜂群算法过采样机器学习    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper proposes a prediction model for post-operative infection based on a combined machine learning algorithm, aiming to effectively reduce surgical site infection risks. [Methods] First, we used SMOTE, ADASYN, and random oversampling to reduce the imbalance of the original data. Then, we combined five commonly used predictive models: Lasso, SVM, GBDT, ANN and RF to create a hybrid prediction method. Finally, we used the improved artificial bee colony algorithm to optimize the weight of multiple combinations. [Results] The G-mean and F1 values of the ABC combination strategy method reached 0.791 2 and 0.669 3 respectively, which were 15.15% and 23.62% higher than the existing ones. [Limitations] The sample size used in the study needs to be expanded. [Conclusions] The proposed model can effectively predict post-operative infections.

Key wordsSurgical Site Infection    Forecast Combination    Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm    Oversampling    Machine Learning
收稿日期: 2021-03-01      出版日期: 2021-09-15
ZTFLH:  R619  
基金资助:*国家自然科学基金项目(71972146);*国家自然科学基金项目(71974127)
通讯作者: 侯校理 ORCID:0000-0003-3609-4734     E-mail: houxl@tongji.edu.cn
引用本文:   
苏强, 侯校理, 邹妮. 基于机器学习组合优化方法的术后感染预测模型研究*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(8): 65-75.
Su Qiang, Hou Xiaoli, Zou Ni. Predicting Surgical Infections Based on Machine Learning. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(8): 65-75.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.0188      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2021/V5/I8/65
Fig.1  组合预测方法的框架
预测结果 真实类别
阳性 阴性
阳性 TP FP
阴性 FN TN
Table 1  混淆矩阵
变量选取 类别变量 连续变量
一般情况 性别、ICD诊断编码、入住ICU 年龄、BMI、术前住院时长、ICU住院天数
既往病史 高血压、糖尿病、恶性肿瘤、肿瘤转移、心梗史、COPD、肾病史、肝病史、吸烟史、饮酒史
术前状态 术前30天有腹水、术前输血史、术前机械通气 RBC总数、WBC、血红蛋白、血肌酐、尿素氮、总胆红素、ALT、AST、白蛋白、前白蛋白、空腹血糖
手术信息 二次手术、手术方式、手术类型、主刀医生、切口类型、造口、引流、引流管数、术后吸氧 手术时长、术后早期血糖
Table 2  SSI数据描述
Fig.2  SSI数据集特征
数据集名称 变量
个数
样本
总数
多数
类样本数
少数
类样本数
不平
衡比
Wisconsin 9 683 444 239 1.86
Abalone17VS78910 8 2 338 2 280 58 39.31
Table 3  KEEL数据集描述
采样方法 分类器 准确率 敏感性 特异性 精确率 AUC GM F1
/ Lasso 0.914 4 0.340 0 0.976 3 0.683 4 0.932 4 0.576 2 0.454 1
GBDT 0.900 8 0.500 0 0.944 1 0.590 2 0.877 8 0.687 1 0.541 4
SVM 0.898 8 0.340 0 0.959 1 0.492 3 0.896 3 0.571 1 0.402 2
ANN 0.873 6 0.480 0 0.916 1 0.533 4 0.849 4 0.663 1 0.505 3
RF 0.906 6 0.400 0 0.961 3 0.762 0 0.906 2 0.620 1 0.524 6
SMOTE Lasso 0.852 3 0.720 0 0.866 7 0.493 5 0.916 2 0.789 9 0.585 6
GBDT 0.897 0 0.660 0 0.922 6 0.528 7 0.907 7 0.780 3 0.587 1
SVM 0.844 5 0.680 0 0.862 4 0.473 8 0.893 6 0.765 8 0.558 4
ANN 0.875 6 0.500 0 0.916 1 0.566 0 0.850 6 0.676 8 0.530 9
RF 0.912 4 0.540 0 0.952 7 0.647 7 0.930 6 0.717 3 0.589 0
随机过采样 Lasso 0.851 9 0.720 0 0.859 5 0.459 5 0.913 8 0.786 7 0.560 9
GBDT 0.895 0 0.620 0 0.924 7 0.530 8 0.913 4 0.757 2 0.571 9
SVM 0.840 7 0.640 0 0.862 4 0.456 6 0.895 0 0.742 9 0.533 0
ANN 0.871 7 0.500 0 0.911 8 0.521 9 0.845 8 0.675 2 0.510 7
RF 0.908 5 0.500 0 0.952 7 0.669 9 0.930 6 0.690 2 0.572 6
ADASYN Lasso 0.848 4 0.720 0 0.862 3 0.413 6 0.918 5 0.788 0 0.525 4
GBDT 0.881 4 0.560 0 0.916 1 0.491 0 0.908 8 0.716 3 0.523 2
SVM 0.827 0 0.640 0 0.847 3 0.380 1 0.894 4 0.736 4 0.476 9
ANN 0.865 9 0.520 0 0.903 2 0.509 0 0.852 5 0.685 3 0.514 4
RF 0.902 7 0.540 0 0.941 9 0.613 4 0.930 0 0.713 2 0.574 3
Table 4  单个模型组合不同采样方法的结果(SSI数据)
采样方法 组合策略 准确率 敏感性 特异性 精确率 AUC GM F1
/ Mean 0.912 4 0.460 0 0.961 3 0.659 5 0.924 0 0.665 0 0.542 0
Median 0.912 4 0.420 0 0.965 6 0.595 8 0.904 4 0.636 8 0.492 7
ABC 0.929 9 0.440 0 0.982 8 0.790 3 0.934 5 0.657 6 0.565 3
SMOTE Mean 0.889 2 0.600 0 0.920 4 0.560 1 0.930 0 0.743 1 0.579 3
Median 0.893 1 0.640 0 0.920 4 0.568 4 0.926 3 0.767 5 0.602 1
ABC 0.898 9 0.660 0 0.924 7 0.613 8 0.930 2 0.781 2 0.636 1
随机过采样 Mean 0.887 2 0.620 0 0.916 1 0.548 0 0.914 9 0.753 7 0.581 8
Median 0.891 1 0.620 0 0.920 4 0.558 3 0.906 9 0.755 4 0.587 5
ABC 0.908 6 0.620 0 0.939 8 0.599 9 0.928 5 0.763 3 0.609 8
ADASYN Mean 0.875 6 0.620 0 0.903 2 0.525 7 0.925 9 0.748 3 0.569 0
Median 0.875 6 0.620 0 0.903 2 0.536 7 0.926 1 0.748 3 0.575 3
ABC 0.900 8 0.600 0 0.933 3 0.594 2 0.922 0 0.748 3 0.597 1
Table 5  单一采样方法下不同模型组合策略结果(SSI数据)
组合
策略
准确率 敏感性 特异性 精确率 AUC GM F1
Mean 0.891 1 0.640 0 0.918 3 0.675 3 0.935 1 0.766 6 0.657 2
Median 0.889 2 0.620 0 0.918 3 0.658 7 0.933 1 0.754 5 0.638 8
ABC 0.916 4 0.660 0 0.948 4 0.678 9 0.936 9 0.791 2 0.669 3
Table 6  混合模型组合优化结果(SSI数据)
采样方法 分类器 Wisconsin Abalone
准确率 AUC GM F1 准确率 AUC GM F1
/ Lasso 0.966 2 0.993 5 0.961 1 0.951 8 0.975 6 0.839 7 0.129 1 0.032 8
GBDT 0.957 4 0.989 5 0.950 3 0.939 2 0.964 1 0.826 2 0.485 0 0.259 9
SVM 0.963 3 0.993 5 0.961 0 0.948 9 0.975 2 0.940 3 0.000 0 \
ANN 0.945 6 0.978 0 0.940 4 0.922 2 0.972 2 0.931 2 0.536 5 0.390 5
RF 0.960 4 0.990 8 0.956 7 0.944 5 0.974 8 0.863 2 0.223 4 0.093 6
SMOTE Lasso 0.966 2 0.993 6 0.963 2 0.952 3 0.873 4 0.932 9 0.839 8 0.375 6
GBDT 0.961 8 0.990 3 0.957 8 0.946 5 0.920 9 0.869 8 0.748 5 0.394 6
SVM 0.960 4 0.993 0 0.957 8 0.944 9 0.883 7 0.947 2 0.846 8 0.357 5
ANN 0.944 1 0.968 9 0.940 3 0.920 3 0.905 5 0.921 2 0.820 1 0.435 7
RF 0.961 8 0.988 6 0.958 8 0.946 3 0.873 0 0.852 2 0.767 7 0.335 2
随机过采样 Lasso 0.969 1 0.994 2 0.966 5 0.956 4 0.868 7 0.932 1 0.846 7 0.382 1
GBDT 0.966 2 0.990 9 0.965 2 0.953 1 0.952 1 0.901 0 0.680 5 0.416 7
SVM 0.966 3 0.994 5 0.966 3 0.952 8 0.883 7 0.948 2 0.838 2 0.365 6
ANN 0.947 1 0.974 4 0.943 6 0.925 0 0.888 8 0.937 1 0.830 1 0.377 3
RF 0.966 3 0.991 8 0.965 2 0.952 9 0.915 3 0.860 9 0.734 0 0.293 8
ADASYN Lasso 0.966 2 0.993 4 0.968 2 0.953 1 0.871 3 0.933 3 0.848 0 0.367 8
GBDT 0.966 3 0.987 3 0.966 2 0.953 0 0.913 6 0.880 1 0.723 9 0.355 6
SVM 0.961 8 0.993 2 0.966 7 0.947 7 0.882 8 0.948 1 0.846 3 0.348 5
ANN 0.947 1 0.983 6 0.944 7 0.925 6 0.918 3 0.949 3 0.862 5 0.426 2
RF 0.967 8 0.989 6 0.968 4 0.955 2 0.863 6 0.858 2 0.771 8 0.322 3
Table 7  单个模型组合不同采样方法的结果(KEEL数据集)
采样方法 组合策略 Wisconsin Abalone
准确率 AUC GM F1 准确率 AUC GM F1
/ Mean 0.958 9 0.992 8 0.947 7 0.941 3 0.976 5 0.920 9 0.339 7 0.207 0
Median 0.964 7 0.993 6 0.954 8 0.949 9 0.976 5 0.922 8 0.285 3 0.151 5
ABC 0.960 4 0.993 2 0.954 9 0.944 9 0.975 2 0.931 9 0.364 7 0.230 4
SMOTE Mean 0.970 7 0.993 4 0.970 2 0.959 0 0.907 2 0.936 1 0.846 2 0.440 8
Median 0.970 7 0.993 2 0.968 5 0.959 0 0.899 1 0.926 3 0.851 3 0.421 5
ABC 0.970 7 0.994 2 0.970 6 0.959 0 0.901 2 0.941 4 0.861 9 0.421 8
随机过采样 Mean 0.964 7 0.992 2 0.961 2 0.949 9 0.912 3 0.939 1 0.839 6 0.440 5
Median 0.967 7 0.993 5 0.962 7 0.954 5 0.902 9 0.933 5 0.825 4 0.389 7
ABC 0.967 7 0.992 8 0.964 8 0.954 5 0.912 3 0.951 0 0.860 0 0.477 7
ADASYN Mean 0.967 7 0.992 5 0.971 2 0.954 9 0.905 9 0.942 1 0.835 9 0.397 1
Median 0.970 7 0.993 8 0.972 6 0.959 0 0.902 1 0.943 6 0.871 0 0.414 5
ABC 0.972 1 0.993 8 0.975 6 0.961 2 0.897 8 0.937 5 0.859 4 0.427 6
混合模型 Mean 0.960 4 0.992 5 0.957 0 0.944 3 0.956 0 0.944 8 0.780 9 0.448 9
Median 0.960 4 0.993 2 0.959 1 0.944 7 0.920 0 0.912 3 0.743 9 0.425 6
ABC 0.970 7 0.994 9 0.976 9 0.959 3 0.907 6 0.953 4 0.883 8 0.479 3
Table 8  不同策略下的模型组合结果(KEEL数据集)
Fig.3  不同组合策略在GM和F1指标上的排名
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