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数据分析与知识发现  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (9): 63-74     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.0460
     研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
古汉语实体关系联合抽取的标注方法*
王一钒1,李博2,史话3,苗威1(),姜斌2
1山东大学东北亚学院 威海 264209
2山东大学机电与信息工程学院 威海 264209
3亚利桑那州立大学跨境研究学院 图森 85257
Annotation Method for Extracting Entity Relationship from Ancient Chinese Works
Wang Yifan1,Li Bo2,Shi Hua3,Miao Wei1(),Jiang Bin2
1School of Northeast Asia Studies, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
2School of Mechanical, Electrical & Information Engineering, Shandong University, Weihai 264209, China
3School of Transborder Studies, Arizona State University, Tucson 85257, USA
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摘要 

【目的】 针对古汉语数据集标注规范研究缺失的现实,提出一套面向古汉语的实体关系标注方法。【方法】 通过对逻辑语义学、深度学习、历史学的有机融合,提出古汉语实体关系抽取数据集标注方法,由“关系配价标注”“命题逻辑标注”以及“单一关系存在”原则构成,适用于小样本学习。【结果】 利用Word Embedding-BiGRU-CRF端到端关系序列标注模型,在《史记》文本数据集上进行实验,在实体关系抽取与命题逻辑抽取任务上F1值分别达到42.02%与34.07%。【局限】 未使用BERT、ALBERT等预训练模型,而是选择了较为经典的Word2Vec模型完成词嵌入任务。从模型最终的结果来看,相关研究仍有较大的上升空间。【结论】 初步验证了标注方法与联合抽取模型的可行性,填补了面向古汉语实体关系抽取的研究空白。

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王一钒
李博
史话
苗威
姜斌
关键词 自然语言处理实体关系抽取序列标注《史记》    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper proposes an annotation method for ancient Chinese datasets, aiming to standardize the annotation procedures. [Objective] We proposed a new method integrating logical semantics, deep learning and history knowledge. This model, which is suitable for few-shot learning, includes three principles of “annotation of relationship valence”, “annotation of propositional logic”, “existence of a single relationship”. [Results] We examined the proposed annotation model with the text dataset of Shiji (Historical Records in Chinese), and found its F1 values for the tasks of relationship extraction and the propositional logic extraction reached 42.02% and 34.07% respectively. [Limitations] The proposed method, which did not include the pre-trained models like BERT or ALBERT, only used the classic Word2Vec model for word embedding. The model's performance could be further improved. [Conclusions] Our new annotation method could effectively extract entity relationship from Ancient Chinese works.

Key wordsNatural Language Processing    Relation Extraction    Sequence Tagging    Shiji
收稿日期: 2021-05-10      出版日期: 2021-10-15
ZTFLH:  分类号: TP391  
基金资助:*国家社会科学基金专项的研究成果之一(17VGB005)
通讯作者: 苗威     E-mail: miaowei@sdu.edu.cn
引用本文:   
王一钒,李博,史话,苗威,姜斌. 古汉语实体关系联合抽取的标注方法*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2021, 5(9): 63-74.
Wang Yifan,Li Bo,Shi Hua,Miao Wei,Jiang Bin. Annotation Method for Extracting Entity Relationship from Ancient Chinese Works. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(9): 63-74.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2021.0460      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2021/V5/I9/63
名称 标记 意义
生命/Life LFE 任何与创造、伤害甚至毁灭生命有关的语句核心
社交/Social Contact SCT 任何社交类语句核心
空间/Location LOC 任何有关空间位置的语句核心
政治/Politics POL 任何政治性的语句核心
动作/Action Towards Object ATO 任何与创造、伤害甚至毁灭非生命有关的语句核心
战争/War WAR 任何与战争有关的语句核心
Table 1  父类别标注规范
名称 标记 对照设置(子类别数量/总数)
生命/Life LFE 36/209
社交/Social Contact SCT 49/85
空间/Location LOC 88/171
政治/Politics POL 437/789
动作/Action Towards Object ATO 74/126
战争/War WAR 23/36
Table 2  父类别样本对照设置
关系类型 主体 受体 标注位置 原始数据
空间/LOC 黄帝 轩辕之丘 黄帝居轩辕之丘
并列/SJ-BL ,而 黄帝居轩辕之丘,而娶于西陵之女
并列/SJ-BL ,而 黄帝居轩辕之丘,而娶于西陵之女
社交/SCT 黄帝 西陵之女 娶于 黄帝居轩辕之丘,而娶于西陵之女
属性/SX 西陵之女 嫘祖 是为 而娶于西陵之女,是为嫘祖
Table 3  古汉语实体关系联合抽取标注方法示例
Fig.1  古汉语实体关系联合抽取标注方法
Fig.2  Word Embedding-BiGRU-CRF模型
类型 标注数量 类型 标注数量
主体/SBJ 3 283 受体/OBJ 2 328
生命/LFE 209 属性/SX 157
社交/SCT 85 事件属性/SJSX 440
空间/LOC 171 递进/SJ-DJ 810
政治/POL 789 并列/SJ-BL 140
动作/ATO 126 因果/SJ-YG 57
战争/WAR 36 转折/SJ-ZZ 20
Table 4  关系数据类型及数量分布
关系类型 准确率 召回率 F1值
SBJ 65.68% 65.88% 65.78%
OBJ 53.29% 43.55% 47.93%
LFE 90.00% 75.00% 81.82%
SCT 16.67% 7.69% 10.53%
LOC 29.63% 20.00% 23.88%
POL 33.57% 36.36% 34.91%
ATO 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
WAR 71.43% 50.00% 58.82%
SX 56.41% 53.66% 55.00%
SJSX 18.92% 9.21% 12.39%
整体结果 48.10% 38.38% 42.02%
Table 5  实体关系抽取模型训练结果
关系类型 标注条数 子类别数量
SCT 85 52
ATO 126 87
LOC 171 96
POL 789 485
SJSX 440 396
DJ 810 52
BL 140 10
YG 57 16
ZZ 20 6
Table 6  命题逻辑标注条数与子类别数量
命题逻辑 准确率 召回率 F1
DJ 60.38% 57.55% 58.93%
BL 67.35% 27.73% 39.29%
YG 28.57% 12.50% 17.39%
ZZ 0.00% 0.00% 0.00%
整体结果 42.79% 30.35% 34.07%
Table 7  命题逻辑抽取模型训练结果
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