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数据分析与知识发现  2023, Vol. 7 Issue (1): 89-101     https://doi.org/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0111
  研究论文 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
基于Twitter的学科领域研究前沿探测研究*
江布拉提·吾喜洪1,2,王小梅1(),陈挺1,3,4
1中国科学院科技战略咨询研究院 北京 100190
2中国科学院大学公共政策与管理学院 北京 100049
3中国科学院文献情报中心 北京 100190
4中国科学院大学经济与管理学院图书情报与档案管理系 北京 100190
Detecting Research Frontiers Based on Twitter
Wuxihong Jiangbulati1,2,Wang Xiaomei1(),Chen Ting1,3,4
1Institutes of Science and Development, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
2School of Public Policy and Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
3National Science Library, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
4Department of Library, Information and Archives Management, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China
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摘要 

【目的】 设计基于社交媒体Twitter的学科领域研究前沿识别方法,用于前瞻挖掘、识别学科即时动态。【方法】 通过分析Twitter识别学科领域研究前沿的原理,提出基于学者影响力及内容影响力的学科研究前沿监测指标体系并开展学科领域研究前沿探测,最后基于自然语言处理领域进行实证分析。【结果】 通过对比自然语言处理领域顶尖专家的分析报告,探测模型能够及时识别出自然语言处理领域13个研究前沿中的8个研究前沿。【局限】 由于社交媒体的开放性特征,构建数据集时难以完全避免与学科领域无关的噪音内容。【结论】 本文提出的方法基于Twitter学者用户生成内容,能够及时、前瞻识别学科领域前沿动态,是一种可行且有效的探测学科领域研究前沿的方法。

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江布拉提·吾喜洪
王小梅
陈挺
关键词 研究前沿社交媒体Twitter领域数据集构建    
Abstract

[Objective] This paper designs a Twitter-based method to identify emerging research topics, aiming to identify the latest developments of a specific discipline. [Methods] First, we analyzed the principles and practices of using Twitter to identify research topics. Then, we proposed a monitoring index system based on the influence of scholars and contents. Third, we conducted an empirical analysis in the field of natural language processing (NLP). [Results] The detection model is able to identify emerging research topics in NLP in a timely manner. Compared with reports on NLP status quo, 8 of the 13 research frontiers were successfully identified. [Limitations] Due to the open nature of social media, it is difficult to completely avoid subject-independent noise contents during dataset construction. [Conclusions] The proposed method is based on the scholarly UGC contents on Twitter, which is a feasible and effective way to detect the research frontiers of the discipline in a timely and forward-looking way.

Key wordsResearch Frontiers    Social Media    Twitter    Domain Dataset Construction
收稿日期: 2022-02-13      出版日期: 2023-02-16
ZTFLH:  G350  
基金资助:*中国科学院文献情报能力建设专项的研究成果之一(GHJ-QBZX-2021-04)
通讯作者: 王小梅,ORCID:0000-0002-9895-1511,E-mail: wangxm@casisd.cn。   
引用本文:   
江布拉提·吾喜洪, 王小梅, 陈挺. 基于Twitter的学科领域研究前沿探测研究*[J]. 数据分析与知识发现, 2023, 7(1): 89-101.
Wuxihong Jiangbulati, Wang Xiaomei, Chen Ting. Detecting Research Frontiers Based on Twitter. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2023, 7(1): 89-101.
链接本文:  
https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0111      或      https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/CN/Y2023/V7/I1/89
Fig.1  基于Twitter的学科领域研究前沿识别框架
一级指标 二级指标 三级指标
内容影响力指标 价值影响力
传播影响力
新颖性
学者影响力指标 认同度 受众关注度
外界价值影响力
外界传播影响力
活跃度
互动性 发布推文数
评论数
Table 1  Twitter学科领域研究前沿探测指标体系
价值影响力 传播影响力 新颖性
价值影响力 1 1/3 3
传播影响力 3 1 5
新颖性 1/3 1/5 1
最大特征值 3.039 CR值 0.037
Table 2  内容影响力指标判断矩阵及一致性检验结果
认同度 活跃度 互动性
认同度 1 6 3
活跃度 1/6 1 1/4
互动性 1/3 4 1
最大特征值 3.054 CR值 0.052
Table 3  学者影响力指标判断矩阵及一致性检验结果
受众关注度 外界价值影响力 外界传播影响力
受众关注度 1 1/3 1/5
外界价值影响力 3 1 1/4
外界传播影响力 5 4 1
最大特征值 3.087 CR值 0.084
Table 4  认同度指标判断矩阵及一致性检验结果
一级指标 权重 二级指标 权重 三级指标 权重
内容影响
力指标
价值影响力 0.260 5
0.634 5 传播影响力 0.633 3
新颖性 0.106 2
学者影响
力指标
认同度 0.639 3 受众关注度
外界价值影响力
外界传播影响力
0.103 8
0.231 1
0.665 1
0.365 5 活跃度 0.087 0
互动性 0.273 7 发布推文数
评论数
0.500 0
0.500 0
Table 5  学科领域研究前沿探测模型
Fig.2  NLP领域2020年-2021年推文数量月度分布
指标 指标属性 Avg. Max. Min. Std.
内容影响
力指标
价值影响力 103.86 42 082 0 268.76
传播影响力 24.78 11 069 0 71.82
新颖性 322.98 725 3 202.28
学者影响
力指标
受众关注度 8 019.18 393 261 66 29 344.56
外界价值影响力 115.24 2 387.80 0 171.15
外界传播影响力 22.72 367.90 0 35.64
活跃度 8.60 111.80 12.98
发布推文数 283.83 1 766 1 348.59
评论数 162.71 1 599 0 230.16
关注数量* 654.30 6 049 0 740.84
Table 6  学科领域研究前沿构成指标要素分数统计
发布日期 新兴研究内容 学者影响力分数 内容影响力分数 研究前沿分数
1 2020-7-13 This is mind blowing. With GPT-3, I built a layout generator where you just describe any layout you want, and it generates the JSX code for you. 2.09 3.48 2.97
2 2021-6-29 Meet GitHub Copilot - your AI pair programmer. Powered by OpenAI Codex: a large neural network that can code pretty well. 2.09 3.43 2.94
3 2021-12-8 The ongoing consolidation in AI is incredible. Thread: When I started decade ago vision, speech, natural language, reinforcement learning, etc. were completely separate; You couldn’t read papers across areas - the approaches were completely different, often not even ML based.
Every ML model is converging into a Transformer that can basically be defined in 200 lines of PyTorch code. This is a great thread, Models designed to generate words (transformers) &model language (BERT) were reused in #AlphaFold to solve the protein folding problem, mapping a bunch of letters, to 3D coordinates.
2.29 2.80 2.61
4 2021-11-18 Our new AI system learned speech recognition in English with *zero* speech to text training data: researchers just gave it lots of audio, and it figured out what the words were. But it goes way beyond that - it learned Swahili too!
Wav2vec enables AI systems learn a language based on audio recordings with no matching text — as we’ve said before it’s a game changer for building speech AI that works in all languages, not just the dominant ones.
2.35 2.51 2.45
5 2021-9-17 New benchmark testing if models like GPT3 are truthful (= avoid generating false answers). We find that models fail and they imitate human misconceptions. Larger models (with more params) do worse! 2.29 2.36 2.34
6 2020-8-3 Why You Should Do NLP Beyond English:7000+ languages are spoken around the world but NLP research has mostly focused on English. In this post, I give an overview of why you should work on languages other than English. 2.23 2.37 2.32
7 2021-1-6 We’ve developed two neural networks which have learned by associating text and images. CLIP maps images into categories described in text, and DALL-E creates new images. A step toward systems with deeper understanding of the world.
@OpenAI is exploring the multimodal direction and discover how far we push the ability to learn vision from language supervision in massive data+compute scenarios! CLIP: maps images to categories by taking class names as inputs; beats the original RN50 on ImageNet zero-shot(!), while being far more robust on unusual images; DALL-E: text2im that works for a wide variety of sentences
2.01 2.54 2.35
8 2020-2-11 Microsoft researchers and engineers release Zero Redundancy Optimizer (ZeRO) and DeepSpeed library, a system able to train 100-billion-parameter deep learning models. Learn about this breakthrough and how it led to Turing Natural Language Generation. 2.11 2.37 2.28
9 2021-8-20 We use big language models to synthesize computer programs, execute programs, solve math problems, and dialog with humans to iteratively refine code.The models can solve 60% and 81% of the programming and math problems, respectively. 2.33 2.22 2.26
10 2021-9-10 We’re introducing GSLM, the first language model that breaks free completely of the dependence on text for training. This “textless NLP” approach learns to generate expressive speech using only raw audio recordings as input.
There is lot more to natural languages than text: tone, accent, expression, prosody, timbre, pitch..... Textless NLP represents speech through a stream of discrete tokens, automatically learned through self-supervised learning, directly fed with raw speech waveform! A new era.
2.35 2.19 2.25
Table 7  学科领域研究前沿识别结果
解读 发布者 非文献形式 解读 发布者 非文献形式
1 GPT-3在文本生成中的应用 Open AI研究员 11 宣布实验室的新研究重点:开发支持协作构建大型模型的工具 北卡罗来纳大学教授
2 代码生成:Codex首次被集成到GitHub Copilot中 Open AI研究员 12 以人类偏好替代自动化评测方法(如ROUGE、BLUE)为训练目标,用人类反馈作为奖励进行强化学习,在文本摘要任务中的表现全面超越人类 Open AI
3 人工智能模型在各子领域的通用泛化趋势 特斯拉人工智能总监 13 测试GPT-3、GPT-Neo在编程中的应用 Hugging Face研究员
4 Wav2vec-U:适用于多语言且无需语音转录数据的语音辨识模型 Meta 首席技术官 14 BioMed Explorer:NLP模型在生物领域的应用 Google AI (Research and Health) 研究员
5 TruthfulQA:测试语言模型回答开放式问题的性能 牛津大学研究员 15 大型语言模型的现状及未来 斯坦福大学研究员
6 呼吁关注NLP模型在多语言中的应用 Google AI 研究员 16 nlp开源库:提供语料管理及测评功能 Hugging Face研究员
7 多模态文本与图像神经网络CLIP & DALL·E,用于文本到图像生成 Open AI 17 To:通过结合prompt+多任务学习,在下游多任务Zero-Shot性能测试中优于GPT-3 Big Science
8 ZeRO & DeepSpeed开源库:能够训练含1000亿个参数的深度学习模型的系统 Microsoft Research 18 大规模语言模型依然在进展之中,能力也在继续增强 DeepMind
9 用大型语言模型合成程序 Google Brain研究员 19 REALM:一种语言预训练模型的新范例,用知识检索器增强预训练语言模型 Google AI
10 新的语言模型训练方式GSLM,从语音开始训练,无需标签或大规模数据,让每个语言都能享受大规模语言模型的便利 Meta AI 20 呼吁重点关注潜在语言现象而非专注于算法和模型的提升 巴伊兰大学教授
Table 8  学科领域研究前沿内容解读
ML及NLP研究前沿 是否NLP 本研究是否识别 对应本研究识别结果编号
通用预训练模型 3、4
大规模多任务学习 8、15、17、18
Transformer架构替代方案
提示(Prompting) 17
更高效的架构和更高效的微调方法 -
基准测试 5
条件图像生成 7
与自然科学结合的机器学习 - -*
程序合成 2、9、13
大型预训练模型的有害偏见 -
检索增广 19
Token-Free模型
时序自适应 -
数据的重要性 16
元学习 - -
Table 9  机器学习及NLP研究前沿与本文识别结果的匹配情况
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