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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (3): 121-131    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0743
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Polarity Analysis of Dynamic Political Sentiments from Tweets with Deep Learning Method
Chang Chengyang1,Wang Xiaodong1(),Zhang Shenglei2
1College of Computer Science, National University of Defence Technology, Changsha 410073, China
2Staff of the Space Systems Department, Strategic Support Force, Beijing 100094, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper studies the polarity of dynamic political sentiments from U.S. politicians’ tweets, aiming to analyze the future directions of U.S. politics and the China-US relations. [Methods] First, we proposed a framework combining multiple deep learning models. Then, we constructed tweet dataset from politicians and obtained a multi-classifier for sentiment polarity. Third, we added the tweets’ time characteristics to find the dynamic political sentiment polarity. [Results] We examined our framework with tweets from 20 U.S. governors and senators. Its accuracy reached 80.66%, which was 8.07% higher than that of the traditional artificial neural network method. The success rate of sentiment polarity analysis was 75%. [Limitations] The analysis of dynamic political sentiment polarity depends on the regular update and iteration of the data set, otherwise the accuracy and effectiveness of the model will decrease with the change of time; political sentiment polarity is affected by many factors, and the emotional content of politicians’ tweets may be different from the real political tendency they represent, which will lead to a certain degree of misjudgment of the model. [Conclusions] The proposed method helps intelligence analysts effectively obtain polarity of dynamic political sentiments from massive Twitter text data.

Key wordsTwitter      Dynamic Sentiment Analysis      Politician Group      Deep Learning      BERT     
Received: 29 July 2020      Published: 24 November 2020
ZTFLH:  TP391  
Fund:State Key Laboratory of the Science and Technology Foundation(6142110180405)
Corresponding Authors: Wang Xiaodong     E-mail: xdwang@nudt.edu.cn

Cite this article:

Chang Chengyang,Wang Xiaodong,Zhang Shenglei. Polarity Analysis of Dynamic Political Sentiments from Tweets with Deep Learning Method. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(3): 121-131.

URL:

https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0743     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2021/V5/I3/121

Political Sentiment Analysis Framework
分类 政治家姓名
类别1:
亲特朗普派
John Bolton, Donald Trump, Mike Pence, RoBert O’brien, Mike Pompeo, Steven Mnuchin
类别2:
温和反对派
Congressmen Frank Palone, Congressman Eric Swawell, Senator Richard Blumenthal
类别3:
直接竞争派
Joe Biden, Congressmen Adam Schiff, Senator Bernie Sanders, Speakers Nancy Pelosi
类别4:
客观温和派
Governor Gretchen Whitmer, Senator Kamala Harris, Lawrence H. Summers, Governor Andrew Cuomo, Sally Yates, Senator Maria Cantwell, Senator Edward Markey, Senator Elizabeth Warren
Politicians of Each Category Selected in the Dataset
推文内容 标签
Enforcers must stop scammers and bottom feeders from exploiting COVID-19 and endangering health. False pitches and sky-high price hikes should be halted and prosecuted. 1
Enjoyed talking davidgura at Select USA summit. Tax reform trade and regulation rollback are critical to serve hardworking Americans. 0
President Trump may be a slick salesman who fooled many people in this country, but you didn’t fool me and you didn’t fool New Yorkers. 3
With respect, Mr. President, not sure we can rely on Mr. Manafort’s lawyer to tell us whether there was collusion, as unbiased as he may be. 2
Twitter Example in Dataset After Cleaning
数据集 类别1 类别2 类别3 类别4 总计
训练集 9 300 6 430 7 427 14 905 38 062
验证集 1 861 1 286 1 486 2 981 7 614
测试集 1 862 1 286 1 486 2 982 7 616
总计 13 023 9 002 10 399 20 868 53 292
Details of Each Classification of the Data Set
模型 验证集准确率 模型Loss F1值 训练速度(epoch=3) 模型大小(循环最后一个参数文件)
CNN 63.79% 0.827 1 62.35% 12分19秒 54.3MB
C-LSTM 67.56% 0.664 5 66.87% 14分15秒 69.3MB
Bi-LSTM 72.59% 0.736 5 71.83% 13分42秒 55.1MB
BERT 80.66% 0.628 2 79.34% 52分23秒 1.22GB
Experimental Results of Different Classifiers
身份 人数 正确判别 错误判别
参议员 10 7 3
州长 10 8 2
总计 20 15 5
Discrimination Results for 20 Senators and Governors
姓名 时间段 职务 类别1概率 类别2概率 类别3概率 类别4概率
Phil Murphy 2020-02-05-2020-05-24 Governor of New Jersey 0.098 0.454 0.019 0.428
Richard Mike De Wine 2019-12-20-2020-05-24 Governor of Ohio 0.357 0.034 0.019 0.590
John Carney 2016-06-07-2015-05-24 Governor of Delaware 0.179 0.214 0.050 0.557
Eric Brakey 2018-08-26-2020-05-23 Senator in Maine 0.347 0.131 0.220 0.302
Laura Kelly 2019-01-14-2020-05-22 Governor of Kansas 0.434 0.016 0.090 0.460
The Results of Judging Tweets from 5 US Politicians
姓名 党派 职务 主要的政治观点 对特朗普
政府的态度
情报分析人员分析总结
Phil Murphy 民主党 Governor of New Jersey 对亚裔、有色人种持同情态度,在抗疫问题上赞成特朗普,感谢特朗普政府给予的大量支援 中性 属于温和的反对派,在尽管和特朗普有党派不同之分,但是在大部分情况下还是跟随特朗普政府,支持特朗普政府的决定。分类器也将此人归类为此类
Richard Mike De Wine 共和党 Governor of Ohio 不同于共和党支持控枪,但是反对同性婚姻、反对堕胎,同时积极防控新冠疫情 支持 与普通的共和党极右翼人员有很大不同,虽然支持特朗普政府,但是在很多立场上是相背离的。分类器展现的也是这个判断
John Carney 民主党 Governor of Delaware 支持保护有色人种权益,强调种族平等、支持控枪、积极组织抗击疫情 强烈反对 自特朗普政府上台之后,此人就对其持反对意见。分类器的结果也是如此
Eric Brakey 共和党 Senator in Maine 传统的共和党参议员,有强烈的反中倾向 支持 反中倾向极强,对特朗普政府的主要政治观点都是非常赞同的。分类器结果与实际结果有所偏差,不过Lable=0概率达到0.347,已经非常高
Laura Kelly 民主党 Governor of Kansas 传统的民主党州长,支持全民医保,积极抗击新冠疫情,但是其所在州是传统共和党票仓,得到了大量联邦的医疗资源 反对 民主党人士,在抗击疫情问题上强烈抨击特朗普政府。但是判别器却给出相反的结论,原因可能因为其推文发布有大量感谢特朗普政府支援物资的内容,并没有真实反映其政治取向
Analysis of Political Sentiment Polarity of 5 American Politicians
推文发表时间 推文内容
['2020-05-21'] By withdrawing from the Open Skies Treaty, Pres. Trump is barreling down a path that makes us less secure,... I urge the President to reverse this reckless decision.
['2020-05-14'] ...With limited supplies, I'm calling on the Trump administration to be transparent with the American people about how this drug will be distributed.
Some Senator Shaheen’ Twitter
Dynamic Political Sentiment Analysis Results with March 20, 2020 as Time Node of Special Event
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