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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2021, Vol. 5 Issue (4): 123-133    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0794
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Extraction and Representation of Domain Knowledge with Semantic Description Model and Knowledge Elements——Case Study of Information Retrieval
Shi Xiang,Liu Ping()
School of Information Management, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper tries to extract and integrate domain knowledge from heterogeneous data based on knowledge elements, aiming to enrich the semantic information of knowledge representation. [Methods] We proposed a new method to extract and represent knowledge based on the semantic description model with knowledge elements. Then, we examined our model in the field of information retrieval. [Results] We extracted 4,200 knowledge elements and 3,020 entities on information retrieval from Wikipedia and two classic textbooks. We could query the relationship between knowledge elements and their entities. [Limitations] The semantic relations among knowledge elements were not adequately explored, and the process of knowledge extraction was not fully automated. [Conclusions] This paper improves the semantics of knowledge representation, and provides new perspectives for domain knowledge service.
Key words： Knowledge Element      Semantic Description Model      Knowledge Extraction      Knowledge Representation     
Received: 17 August 2020      Published: 24 November 2020
ZTFLH:  分类号: TP182  
Fund:National Natural Science Foundation of China(71573196)
Corresponding Authors: Liu Ping     E-mail: pliuleeds@126.com
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Cite this article:

Shi Xiang,Liu Ping. Extraction and Representation of Domain Knowledge with Semantic Description Model and Knowledge Elements——Case Study of Information Retrieval. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2021, 5(4): 123-133.

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https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2020.0794     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2021/V5/I4/123

知识维度 类别 说明
知识内涵 定义 描述知识定义的知识元
思想 描述知识理论与思想的知识元
背景 描述知识历史研究背景的知识元
方法 描述知识应用步骤和实现方法的知识元
案例 描述知识应用的知识元
评价 描述知识应用效果的知识元
资源 描述知识相关资源的知识元
知识表现形式 文字 以文字语言形式存在的知识元
图文 以文本、图表混合形式存在的知识元
Domain Knowledge Element Division
类别 知识元
定义 指一种反馈循环,利用与当前查询相关的已知文档把查询q转换为改进查询qm,期望查询qm可以返回更多与q相关的文档。
思想 在信息检索的过程中通过用户交互来提高最终的检索效果。基本过程包括：（1）用户提交一个简短的查询;（2）系统返回初次检索结果;（3）用户对部分结果进行标注,将它们标注为相关或不相关;（4）系统基于用户的反馈计算出一个更好的查询表示信息需求;（5）利用新查询系统返回新的检索结果。
背景 在实现信息检索时由于用户检索需求本身不明确、不熟悉检索环境等问题,使构造的查询式简短、模糊,很难充分表达用户的真实需求,从而导致信息检索系统的准确率和召回率不够高。针对这一难题,学者提出相关反馈技术用以构造更高质量的查询主题,降低查询主题与用户实际需求的差距,尽可能使检索结果更好地满足用户的查询需求。
方法 20世纪70年代Salton提出的SMART系统中引入一种相关反馈算法：Rocchio算法,并广泛流传。在一个真实的信息检索场景中,假定有一个用户查询,并知道部分相关文档和不相关文档的信息,则可以通过如下公式得到修改后的查询向量qm：qm=αqo+β1Dr∑dj∈Drdj-γ1Dnr∑dj∈Dnrdj
案例 图像搜索是一个使用相关反馈的例子,在图像搜索中返回的结果非常直观,而且用户不容易用词语表达其需求,但是却很容易标识相关和不相关的图像结果。详见演示系统：https://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book/html/htmledition/relevance-Feedback-and-pseudo-relevance-feedback-1.html。
评价 首先计算出原始查询q的正确率-召回率曲线,一轮相关反馈之后,计算出修改后的查询qm并再次计算出新的正确率-召回率曲线。
资源 Spink A, Losee R M.Feedback in Information Retrieval[J]. Annual Review of Information Science & Technology, 1996,31:33-78.
Knowledge Content Classification of Relevance Feedback Knowledge Element
知识元
描述维度		 内容 实例
性质特征 知识元语句 余弦相似性是内积空间中两个非零向量之间相似性的度量,被定义为两个向量之间夹角的余弦
知识元标识符 /definition/text/10
知识内涵 定义
知识表现形式 文字
语义结构 概念集 余弦相似度
知识三元组 (相似度计算,子概念,余弦相似度)
词汇与概念映射 余弦相似性-余弦相似度
资源属性 知识载体 《信息检索导论》
资源标识符 /textbook/pdf/15
类型 PDF
来源 https://nlp.stanford.edu/IR-book
Example of Cosine Similarity Definition Knowledge Element
Example of Knowledge Element Model
Knowledge Extraction and Representation Based on Knowledge Element Semantic Description Model
知识元类型 规则模板
定义 *【称为|称之为|定义为|叫做|称|叫|定义是】【：:】?<概念>*
思想 <概念>【的思想|的主要思想|基于】*
背景 *【年】?【提出|应用|研究】<概念>*
方法 <概念>*【步骤|方法|过程|公式|代码|算法】
评价 <概念>*【相较于|相比|优点|缺点|问题】
资源 <概念>*【文献|工具|会议|课程】
Knowledge Element Matching Rules (Partial)
Sketch Map of Knowledge Representation Method
Examples of Domain Knowledge Representation in Information Retrieval
Search Interface of Knowledge Element Retrieval System
Search Result of Knowledge Element Retrieval System
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