[Objective] This paper aims to ensure the shareability of knowledge in Archaeological Excavation Data (AED) and promote knowledge integration across humanity disciplines. It constructs an ontology model based on narrative logic analysis of multi-dimensional semantic decomposition to achieve a multi-dimensional associative combination and narrative representation of AED knowledge. [Methods] Firstly, we thoroughly analyzed the knowledge structure and narrative logic within AED to determine a plan for ontology construction. Secondly, we examined the widely-used CIDOC CRM ontology model and its expanded CRM ontology family in cultural heritage to assess the reusability of related ontology. Thirdly, we semantically aligned the knowledge from archaeological sites, remains, and relics to define entity classes. Finally, targeting the narrative logic in AED, we determined each entity class’s object and data properties to construct the ontology model. [Results] Using the AED data from the Yanbulake cemetery in Hami, Xinjiang, we identified the semantic association between the site and archaeological excavation activities. It also explored extensive semantic association methods for burial relics and unearthed artifacts with knowledge-mining value, resulting in a series of narrative displays. [Limitations] Although the data from the Yanbulake cemetery is representative, the site is relatively small, and the complexity of actual application scenarios may be higher. [Conclusions] The semantic association model constructed in this paper can achieve knowledge representation that aligns with the archaeological data’s knowledge structure and narrative logic at the knowledge unit level.