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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2023, Vol. 7 Issue (1): 35-48    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0571
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Automatically Extracting Technical Indicators from U.S. Commerce Control List
Yuan Yue,Pang Na,Li Guangjian()
Department of Information Management, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper proposes a method to automatically extract technical indicators from the “U.S. Commerce Control List”, aiming to better understand technical details of the listed products and the U.S. export control policies. [Methods] We represented the technical indicators as their objects, names, relationships, and values. Then, we proposed an automated model to extract technical indicators, and stored them as structured four-element records. [Results] The proposed method effectively extract the technical indicators from the “Commerce Control List” in a non-supervised manner. The precision and F1 values of our method reached 87.34% and 86.52%, respectively. [Limitations] The proposed extraction method is mainly for the text of the “Commerce Control List”, and more research is needed to examine it with other corpus. [Conclusions] This proposed method could effectively extract technical indicators from “Commerce Control List” of the United States.
Key words： Commerce Control List      Technical Indicators      Automatic Extraction      Non-supervision     
Received: 03 June 2022      Published: 09 November 2022
ZTFLH:  G353  
Fund:National Social Science Fund of China(15ZDB129)
Corresponding Authors: Li Guangjian，ORCID：0000-0002-2897-6246，E-mail：ligj@pku.edu.cn。   
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Yue Yuan
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Cite this article:

Yuan Yue, Pang Na, Li Guangjian. Automatically Extracting Technical Indicators from U.S. Commerce Control List. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2023, 7(1): 35-48.

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https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0571     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2023/V7/I1/35

作者 抽取对象 数据集 数据集标注情况
饶齐等[10] 指标名称 中文专利文本 有标注
杜文韬等[11] 指标关系（“差”“不如”等常见比较词） 汽车和电子产品评论 有标注
Hu等[12] 指标数值 航空事故报告 有标注
谢维佳等[14] 指标数值 电子病历文本 无标注
郭少卿等[15] 指标数值、指标单位、指标关系（等于、大于、小于等关系比较词） 气候变化领域和天文领域语料 无标注
吴胜等[16] 指标数值、指标名称 钢铁行业、船舶行业等领域文本 无标注
时公泽等[17] 指标名称 液态奶领域文本 无标注
Kim等[18] 指标数值 报道诺贝尔奖的新闻文本 无标注
李广建等[4] 指标数值、指标名称 美国《商业管制清单》 无标注
Characteristics of Relevant Studies
要素 表现形式-内容特征 表现形式-位置特征 表现形式-语法特征 举例
指标数值 数学运算符、单位、数量词 一般会出现在某一物项句介词之后 与指标关系存在句法依存 0A987.f. Laser aiming devices or laser illuminators “specially designed” for use on firearms， and having an operational wavelength exceeding 400 nm but not exceeding 710 nm.
2B006.b.2. Linear position feedback units “specially designed” for machine tools and having an overall “accuracy” less （better） than （800 + （600 × L/1，000）） nm （L equals effective length in mm）；
指标关系 比较级、比较短语、范围短语 一般会出现在指标数值的附近 与指标数值存在句法依存 2B116.c. Vibration thrusters （shaker units）， with or without associated amplifiers， capable of imparting a force equal to or greater than 50 kN （11，250 lbs.）， measured ‘bare table’， and usable in vibration test systems described in 2B116.a；
2B209.b. Rotor-forming mandrels designed to form cylindrical rotors of inside diameter between 75 mm and 400 mm.
指标名称 专业领域下的指标术语 一般与指标数值和指标关系出现在同一物项句中，且位置较为靠前 与指标数值或指标关系存在句法依存 2A991.a.1. Manufactured for use at operating temperatures above 573 K （300 °C） either by using special materials or by special heat treatment； or
2B005.b. Ion implantation “production equipment” having beam currents of 5 mA or more；
指标对象 技术、产品及其组成部件所对应的名词 一般出现在受控物项文本的开头部分，有时可能出现在同ECCN类的上级物项的文本中 与指标数值、指标关系和指标名称存在句法依存（有可能跨物项句） 9A990.a. Diesel engines， n.e.s.， for trucks， tractors， and automotive applications of continuous brake horsepower of 400 BHP （298 kW） or greater （performance based on SAE J1349 standard conditions of 100 Kpa and 25°）
1A008.a. ‘Shaped charges’ having all of the following：
1A008.a.1. Net Explosive Quantity （NEQ） greater than 90 g； and
1A008.a.2. Outer casing diameter equal to or greater than 75 mm；
The Expression of Four Elements in CCL
Technical Indicator Extraction Method of Controlled Items
Example of Indicator Value Extraction
Example of Indicator Relationship Extraction
Example of Indicator Name Extraction
Example of Indicator Object Extraction
统计信息 数量
标注数据所属领域数量/个 10
标注数据所属组别数量/组 5
标注数据涉及物项句数量/条 991
指标数值/个
指标关系/个
指标名称/个
指标对象/个		 1 121
1 123
882
567
Statistics of Experimental Dataset Information
统计信息 涉及领域/个 涉及组别/组 涉及物项句/条
指标数值
指标关系
指标名称
指标对象		 10
10
10
10		 5
5
5
5		 991
964
870
567
Statistics of the Four-elements of Indicators
抽取对象 精确率/% 召回率/% F1值/%
指标数值 98.14 98.66 98.40
指标关系 99.38 99.73 99.69
指标名称 72.73 88.89 80.00
指标对象 93.75 74.07 82.76
总体抽取结果 90.74 92.88 91.80
Experimental Results of Indicator Extraction
Example of Syntactic Dependency Analysis
作者 精确率/% 召回率/% F1值/%
谢维佳等[14] ↓0.56 ↑0.37 -
郭少卿等[15] ↓6.73 ↓12.12 ↓9.45
吴胜等[16] ↓5.24 ↓13.70 ↓9.58
时公泽等[17] ↓24.74 ↓24.13 ↓24.46
Kim等[18] ↓20.24 ↓50.88 ↓39.20
Results of Relevant Unsupervised Studies
抽取方法 精确率/% 召回率/% F1值/%
本文方法 87.34 85.71 86.52
人工标注的方法 100 100 100
Experimental Results of Four-elements
Example of Syntactic Dependency Analysis and Syntax Tree Error Recognition Cases
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