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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2023, Vol. 7 Issue (12): 22-39    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0890
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Review of Textual Sentiment Research in Financial Markets
Li Helong1,Ren Changsong1,Liu Xinru1,Wang Cunhua2()
1School of Economics and Finance, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China
2School of Economics and Management, North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering, Langfang 065000, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper analyzes and summarizes the current situation of the development of text sentiment in financial markets, and provides reference for subsequent related research. [Coverage] We used “financial market”, “text sentiment analysis”, “text sentiment” and “investor sentiment” as keywords to search on academic platforms such as CNKI, Web of Science and Google Academic, and extended the search for relevant literatures. A total of 115 papers were reviewed. [Methods] We classified the extracted text sentiment according to the type of the source financial text, then introduced the framework of text sentiment analysis, and finally sorted out the relevant research results on the impact of text sentiment on the financial markets. [Results] Text sentiment in financial markets can be divided into information reporting sentiment, news media sentiment and social media sentiment. In the construction of sentiment indicators, dictionary-based methods and machine learning-based methods are widely used. The above three text sentiments have a certain impact on the financial markets. [Limitations] Due to the universality of text analysis methods in various fields, the selected literature on the framework of text sentiment analysis is not entirely focused on the financial markets. [Conclusions] When constructing financial text sentiment indicators, we should choose the appropriate sentiment analysis method according to the text characteristics, research conditions and research objectives.

Key wordsFinancial Market      Text Sentiment Analysis      Text Sentiment      Investor Sentiment     
Received: 24 August 2022      Published: 22 March 2023
ZTFLH:  F832  
  G350  
Fund:Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(ZDPY202209);Guangzhou Philosophy and Social Science Planning Project(2022GZYB08);Doctoral Fund of North China Institute of Aerospace Engineering(BKY-2018-30)
Corresponding Authors: Wang Cunhua,ORCID:0009-0009-4153-220X,E-mail:forum300@163.com。   

Cite this article:

Li Helong, Ren Changsong, Liu Xinru, Wang Cunhua. Review of Textual Sentiment Research in Financial Markets. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2023, 7(12): 22-39.

URL:

https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2022.0890     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2023/V7/I12/22

Framework of the Article
比较维度 信息报告情绪 新闻媒体情绪 社交媒体情绪
文本数据来源 公司信息披露和外部研究报告,如招股书、评级报告、盈余公告、电话会议记录、行研报告等 财经媒体新闻报道,如华尔街日报、彭博社、中国证券报等 股吧、微博等社交平台,如东方财富股吧、雪球网、淘股吧、新浪微博、Twitter、Facebook等
文本数据特点 格式规范、专业术语多、图表丰富、理解难度较大 有一定格式、标题高度概括、理解难度较小 短小精悍、格式不一、内容通俗易懂、符号丰富、含义多元
内涵情绪特点 偏正面积极、负面表达委婉、可读性不一 有正面有负面,主题多元,视角多维 有正面有负面、情感浓度高、表达直白
主要受众群体 专业研究员、机构投资者 机构投资者、个体投资者 个体投资者
Comparison of Three Text Emotions
比较维度 基于词典的方法 基于传统机器学习的方法 基于深度学习的方法 情感词典-机器学习组合法
基本原理 词汇匹配 特征表示,性能评估,模型优化 神经网络,模型优化 综合前两种
上手难度 简单 相对简单 复杂 复杂
主要优点 易于理解、操作简单 可直接套用成熟模型,便捷高效、省时省力;更精准捕捉文本语义;可处理文本大数据 特征提取和选择不需过多人工干预;适用于大型数据集 文本语义丢失少;可自主高效地构建合格训练数据集
主要缺点 易丢失、曲解部分文本信息;人工构建词典耗时费力;可直接使用的中文词典资源有限、专用性差 模型好坏高度依赖训练数据集的标注质量和数量;优质公开的训练数据集比较匮乏 涉及较多计算机知识,难以快速上手;依赖高端硬件资源,训练时间长;部分传统机器学习缺点 知识门槛高、理解和应用难度大;金融领域研究中的使用效果有待进一步验证
适用范围 篇幅短小、上下文语境联系较弱的文本 数据量相对较小的文本 数据量大的文本,针对不同文本特点可以选用、改进或融合不同模型 电影评论、产品评论等数据集
应用情况 在金融领域研究中应用广泛 在金融和计算机交叉领域研究中应用较多 在计算机视觉、自然语言处理领域应用较多 在非金融领域研究应用更多、效果更好
Comparison of Four Sentiment Analysis Methods
文本情绪类型 文本数据来源 市场指标构成 模型和方法 相关文献
信息报告情绪 分析师预测评级、公司财报、电话会议记录等 上证A指、标普500等指数或个股的各期值及收益率、波动率、成交量等指标 VaR模型、多元线性回归模型、资产定价模型、GARCH模型、格兰杰因果关系检验、脉冲响应分析等 段江娇等[71]、Jegadeesh等[44]、Jiang等[19]、Tsai等[80]、徐高彦等[81]、姚加权等[57]、Iwasaki等[61]
新闻媒体情绪 主流财经新闻媒体,如《中国证券报》《证券时报》、路透社、英国《卫报》等 沪深300、标普500、富时100等指数或个股的各期值及收益率、波动率、成交量等指标 于琴等[36]、Fraiberger等[48]、尹海员[82]、吕华揆等[83]、Johnman等[40]、张天骄等[84]、王昶等[85]、Liu等[86]、Shi等[87]、Duan等[25]
社交媒体情绪 东方财富网、雪球网、新浪微博、Twitter、Facebook等主流社交媒体 上证A指、上证指数、沪深300、标普500等指数或个股的各期值及收益率、波动率、成交量等指标 段江娇等[71]、王夫乐等[34]、张宁等[88]、黄润鹏等[69]、黄创霞等[89]、石善冲等[30]、Affuso等[64]、Siganos等[90]、Checkley等[66]、Teti等[63]
Sources of Text Data,Market Indicators,Models and Methods
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