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Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery  2023, Vol. 7 Issue (11): 88-100    DOI: 10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2023.0119
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Identifying Technical Opportunities by Semantic Analysis of Expired Patents and Multi-Dimensional Tech-Innovation Map
Wang Jinfeng1,2,Wu Xuan1(),Zhang Dingtang3,Feng Lijie1,4,Zhang Ke5
1School of Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
2China Institute of FTZ Supply Chain, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
3Complete Equipment Research Institute, Zhengzhou Coal Mining Machinery Group Co., Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
4School of Logistics Engineering, Shanghai Maritime University, Shanghai 201306, China
5School of Information Management, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
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Abstract  

[Objective] This paper aims to identify technical opportunities from expired patents.[Methods] First, we used SAO semantic analysis to determine problems to be solved in technology fields. Then, we constructed a SAO knowledge base with the core expired patents. Finally, we identified technology opportunities based on a multi-dimensional tech-innovation map. [Results] We examined the proposed model with patents for coal mine dust removal. The three technology opportunities identified by our method could provide decision-making support for enterprises. [Limitations] More research is needed to study patents from other fields and compare our model’s performance with the existing ones. [Conclusions] The proposed model could improve the accuracy and application of technology identification from patents.
Key words： Technical Opportunity Identification      Invalid Patent      SAO Semantic Analysis      Multi-Dimensional Technology Innovation Map     
Received: 21 February 2023      Published: 05 January 2024
ZTFLH:  G306  
Fund:New System of Innovation Method of Ministry of Science and Technology of China(2019IM020200);Shanghai Science and Technology Plan Project(20040501300);National Key R&D Project(2022YFF0608700)
Corresponding Authors: Wu Xuan，ORCID：0000-0002-3188-9362，E-mail：2215998550@qq.com。   
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Jinfeng Wang
Xuan Wu
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Cite this article:

Wang Jinfeng, Wu Xuan, Zhang Dingtang, Feng Lijie, Zhang Ke. Identifying Technical Opportunities by Semantic Analysis of Expired Patents and Multi-Dimensional Tech-Innovation Map. Data Analysis and Knowledge Discovery, 2023, 7(11): 88-100.

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https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/10.11925/infotech.2096-3467.2023.0119     OR     https://manu44.magtech.com.cn/Jwk_infotech_wk3/EN/Y2023/V7/I11/88

The Path of Technology Opportunity Identification Based on Semantic Analysis and Multi-Dimensional Technology Innovation Map
指标名称 计算方法 指标意义
法律质量指标[24] 各项专利权利要求数的平均数： N C ˉ = （ N C 1 + N C 2 + … + N C n ） / n 权利要求数越多，意味着对技术的理解越深入，相关技术专利文件的法律质量也越高[12]
技术先进性指标[12,24] 各项专利正向引用数的平均数： C P ˉ = （ C P 1 + C P 2 + … + C P n ） / n 正向引用数越多意味着专利表现出的技术先进性越高[25]
经济质量指标 各项专利同族专利数的平均数： S F ˉ = S F 1 + S F 2 + … + S F n / n 同族数越多意味着专利的经济质量越高[12]
Core Invalid Patent Quality Evaluation Index System
项目 内容
检索平台 德温特专利数据库（Derwent Innovations Index， DII）
检索时间 2022年9月5日
专利类型 发明专利
法律状态 有效专利
检索表达式 TS=（coal）OR（coal mine）AND（dust fall）OR（dust suppression）OR（dust extraction）OR（dust removal）OR（dust control unit）OR（dust collector）OR（dust collection device）OR（dust separation plant）OR（dust-extraction unit）NOT IPC=（E21F5）
Patent Search Information of Coal Mine Dust Removal Technology
Technical Trend of Coal Mine Dust Removal
专利号 Subject短语 Action短语 Object短语
P1 The invention discloses an air-liquid spray dust settling system
P1 The boundary fog curtain subsystem comprises a high-pressure vane nozzle
P1 The atomization humidification subsystem includes a spray dust collector
P1 The dust and fog recovery subsystem comprises a wind-water coupled dust collector
P2 The sprayer includes housing， sprayer and water curtain nozzle
P2 Sprayer sprays water spray
P2 water curtain nozzles spray water curtain lines
P2 water curtain nozzles block suspended dust
P3 The composite dust suppressor includes a first system and an adjuvant
P3 The adjuvant includes a surfactant， a binder and a montmorillonite
P3 The first system contains animal and vegetable oils
P4 The dust removal device is provided with a plasma generator， a pump， a pipe and an atomizing nozzle
P4 Atomizing nozzle atomizing spray purified air
P4 Plasma generator kills bacteria
SAO Extraction Results of Patent Abstract of Spray Dust Removal Technology
Key Elements and Solving Problems of Spray Dust Removal Technology
项目 内容
检索平台 德温特专利数据库（Derwent Innovations Index， DII）
检索时间 2022年10月5日
专利类型 发明专利
法律状态 失效专利（期限届满；未缴年费）
检索表达式 TS=（air）AND（sterilization）OR（sterilize）OR（disinfection）OR（disinfect）OR（kill germs）OR（kill bacteria）OR（bactericide）OR（germicide）OR（thimerosal）OR（sanitizer）OR（disinfectant apparatus）OR（sterilizating device）
Patent Search Information on Bacterial Control Issues
序号 专利号 法律
质量指标		 技术
先进性指标		 经济
质量指标
1 CN1462205-A 25 18 12
2 CN1462605-A 10 9 26
3 CN1569241-A 10 43 2
4 CN101530998-A 10 18 2
5 TW200702001-A 38 1 2
6 TW200520802-A 30 0 2
7 CN108310412-A 9 3 2
8 CN1768865-A 7 14 2
...... ...... ...... ...... ......
403 CN104838754-A 4 0 2
平均值 9.5 8 4.1
Patent Index Value Related to Bacterial Control
Distribution Map of Index Evaluation of Patents Related to Bacterial Control
专利号 Subject短语 Action短语 Object短语
CN102065696-A A versatile disinfectant contains a metal ion having an antimicrobial action， L-cysteine and L-ascorbic acid
The versatile disinfectant may further contain one or more compounds
The disinfectant can disinfect an object to be treated
CN1130355-A The apparatus includes a rotor provided with vanes or blades
Simple disinfection kills pathogenic microorganisms
complete sterilization must remove all spores， spores and living cells
CN105056266-A humidifier humidifies the sealed sterilization space
bacteria absorb water
ozone is introduced into the sealed sterilization space
ozone oxidizes the saturated bacteria
purifying device removes short fibers， dust， residues of the killed bacteria and odor
...... ...... ...... ......
CN1462605-A centrifugal force separates dust and dirt
ultraviolet lamp sterilizes and disinfects the air
SAO Knowledge Base for Core Failure Patents of Coal Mine Spray Dust Removal Technology Related to Bacteria Control
专利号 创新维度 创新
法则		 已有技术
CN105056266-A 结构维：humidifier、ozone
功能维：drying、dehumidifying、mildew-proof、waste gas purifying
环境维：humidity		 组合与
集成		 使加湿器与臭氧结合杀灭细菌，增加烘干器与废气净化装置，实现恒温烘干除湿防霉功能以及废气净化功能。
CN1462205-A 材料维：ultraviolet light chamber、filter、 check gauge
功能维：sterilize、disinfect
环境维：air		 组合与
集成		 多阶段有效净化环境空气。过滤器组件有效去除掉空气中的颗粒，紫外光源用于杀菌或杀灭微生物，同时还能防止人体由于暴露于紫外线中而带来的潜在危害。
CN103007316-A 结构维：plasma generator、negative ions
功能维：smoke elimination、dust removal、elimination of odors、
improve air quality
动力体系维：battery		 动态化 等离子发生器产生正、负离子，电荷中和产生的能量释放，导致其周围细菌结构的改变或能量的转换，致使细菌死亡实现杀菌效果。
CN102065696-A 结构维：metal ions、surface active agent、Fe3+、Fe2+、Zn2+、Cu2+
功能维：sterilize、disinfect		 友好化 利用金属离子、L-抗坏血酸、表面活性剂等组成的杀菌消毒液，实现多目的、多用途杀菌消毒。
CN1462605-A 机理维：centrifugal force
功能维：separate、sterilize、disinfect
环境维：dust、dirt、air		 柔性化 利用真空吸尘器的旋风式集尘装置，增加凸出的流动通道以减少灰尘回流，并在吸尘器主体内设置紫外线灯，以杀灭集尘容器内的细菌。
Innovative Dimension and Rule Division of SAO Structure for Bacteria Control by Coal Mine Spray Dust Removal
Opportunity Analysis of Spray Dust Removal Technology for Coal Mine Based on Dimensional-Law Coupling to Solve Bacteria Control Problem
序号 已有技术 维-法耦合 技术机会的规范化表达
1 加湿器与臭氧结合杀灭细菌，增加烘干器与废气净化装置，实现恒温烘干除湿防霉功能以及废气净化功能。 结构维+功能维+环境维+
组合与集成+替代		 以喷雾喷嘴代替加湿器实现除尘及加湿功能，通过臭氧对细菌进行高效氧化从而杀灭细菌。此外，通过集成烘干器与废气净化装置分别实现恒温烘干除湿防霉功能以及废气净化功能，可同时解决尘粒捕捉、细菌控制、有害气体净化及湿度温度调节等4个问题。
2 多阶段有效净化环境空气。过滤器组件有效去除掉空气中的颗粒，紫外光源用于杀菌或杀灭微生物，同时还能防止人体由于暴露于紫外线中而带来的潜在危害。 材料维+功能维+环境维+
组合与集成+智慧化+替代		 以煤矿自动巡航除尘机器人替代煤矿工人，在机器人身上增设过滤器以及紫外光源，将机器人设置在矿井综采面的主要扬尘点和粉尘高浓度点部位，如采煤机滚筒处、前方等位置，增加两排可旋转雾化喷嘴，实现可以360度全方位喷雾，同时实现尘粒捕捉、紫外线杀菌、净化空气及辅助清障等功能。
3 等离子发生器产生正、负离子，电荷中和产生的能量释放，导致其周围细菌结构改变或能量转换致使细菌死亡，实现杀菌的作用。 结构维+功能维+动力体系维+动态化+组合与集成 在喷嘴部位下方设置抽风机负压抽风，吸附粉尘至过滤装置，将等离子发生器集成在过滤装置中，等离子发生器产生正、负离子，电荷中和产生的能量释放，致使细菌死亡，多余负离子可实现除尘、净化空气的作用。
4 由金属离子、L-抗坏血酸、表面活性剂等组成的杀菌消毒液，实现多目的、多用途杀菌消毒。 结构维+功能维+友好化+
替代		 将此杀菌消毒液作为除尘介质，以压缩空气作为驱动介质，驱动振荡器，利用高频声波将水雾化，由喷嘴喷出，以达到捕捉尘粒以及杀菌消毒的目的。
5 真空吸尘器的旋风式集尘装置，增加了凸出的流动通道以减少灰尘回流，并在吸尘器主体内设置紫外线灯，以杀灭集尘容器内的细菌。 机理维+功能维+环境维+
柔性化+组合与集成		 将旋风除尘与喷雾除尘结合，旋风除尘作为矿尘一级处理模块，可除去大部分呼吸性粉尘，以减小喷雾除尘的工作量，节约大量水资源，同时采用喷雾除尘作为二级除尘，可强化除尘效果，同时还能够起到降温作用。此外，在吸尘器主体内设置紫外线灯，可以杀灭集尘容器内的细菌。
Technical Opportunity Identification and Standardized Expression of Bacteria Control by Coal Mine Spray Dust Removal
序号 是否可行 是否存在 评价依据
1 是 否 首先，以喷雾喷嘴代替加湿器，能实现除尘及加湿两项功能；其次，这种先增湿后加氧的消毒杀菌方案能稳定高效彻底地杀灭细菌和病毒，从源头上减少病毒和细菌对人体侵袭的机率；再次，增设了恒温烘干器和排风机，能够进行恒温烘干除湿，防止霉变；最后，对空气净化的同时进行除湿，减少了工人因潮湿落下疾病的可能。
2 是 否 经检索发现，目前除尘装置技术领域已经存在通过煤矿自动巡航机器人进行除尘的相关专利，如专利CN113074019-B提出了一种煤矿自动巡航除尘机器人及其控制方法，用以解决现有技术中的喷雾除尘装置耗水量大、造成资源浪费的问题，以及喷雾除尘装置在煤矿巷道内的移动性差且除尘效果达不到煤矿巷道内除尘要求的问题。但本文提出的技术机会2与之相比，增设了紫外光源，当风道清扫后，可开启紫外光源进行杀菌消毒；还增设过滤器与雾化器，当风道清扫后，可开启过滤器与雾化器以过滤并清新风道内的空气。
3 是 是 经检索发现，专利CN111841229-A与该技术机会高度相似，其描述的技术机会为：将外置吸风机的进风口与第一出风管连通，实现对粉尘进行两级物理过滤以及紫外线和光触媒杀菌的目的；设置等离子发生器、泵机、管道和雾化喷头，可实现对净化后的空气进行雾化喷淋以及等离子杀菌的目的；设置干燥机构，可实现对净化后的空气进行干燥和进一步过滤净化的目的，从而提高了本装置的除尘效果。
4 是 否 首先，该杀菌消毒液具有对病毒的杀伤力，所以抗菌谱的范围广，杀菌能力的持续性优异，即使在有机物的存在下杀菌能力也较为显著；其次，该杀菌消毒液对接触的物质、特别是对微生物细胞等的渗透性优异，没有异味或臭气，保存性优异，且损伤少，从这些方面考虑，其容易处理，且安全性也优异；最后，可以将其混入喷雾除尘装置的储液箱内，经喷头喷洒至空气中，在降尘的同时完成消毒杀菌的功能。
5 是 是 经检索发现，目前已有较多专利涉及将旋风除尘与喷雾除尘结合的干湿联合多级除尘装置，如专利CN105484788-B利用文丘里管吸尘代替传统的风机吸尘，可适应更多工作环境，旋风除尘作为矿尘一级处理模块，可除去大部分呼吸性粉尘，减少喷雾除尘的工作量，节约大量水资源，采用喷雾除尘作为二级除尘，强化除尘效果，同时还有降温作用。本文所提技术机会5与之相比虽通过增设紫外线灯以实现杀菌消毒功能，但创新性较弱，有待进一步完善。
Technical Opportunity Evaluation of Bacteria Control Issues in Coal Mine Spray Dust Removal
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